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Rainfall–runoff modelling using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks Open
Rainfall–runoff modelling is one of the key challenges in the field of hydrology. Various approaches exist, ranging from physically based over conceptual to fully data-driven models. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven approach, …
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White and wonderful? Microplastics prevail in snow from the Alps to the Arctic Open
We detect microplastics in European and Arctic snow, highlighting the importance of atmospheric transport as a pathway.
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Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale Open
Permafrost is a key element of the cryosphere and an essential climate variable in the Global Climate Observing System. There is no remote-sensing method available to reliably monitor the permafrost thermal state. To estimate permafrost di…
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Recent Third Pole’s Rapid Warming Accompanies Cryospheric Melt and Water Cycle Intensification and Interactions between Monsoon and Environment: Multidisciplinary Approach with Observations, Modeling, and Analysis Open
The Third Pole (TP) is experiencing rapid warming and is currently in its warmest period in the past 2,000 years. This paper reviews the latest development in multidisciplinary TP research associated with this warming. The rapid warming fa…
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Changing climate shifts timing of European floods Open
Flooding along the river Will a warming climate affect river floods? The prevailing sentiment is yes, but a consistent signal in flood magnitudes has not been found. Blöschl et al. analyzed the timing of river floods in Europe over the pas…
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Twenty‐First Century Drought Projections in the CMIP6 Forcing Scenarios Open
There is strong evidence that climate change will increase drought risk and severity, but these conclusions depend on the regions, seasons, and drought metrics being considered. We analyze changes in drought across the hydrologic cycle (pr…
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MODIS Collection 6 MAIAC algorithm Open
This paper describes the latest version of the algorithm MAIAC used for processing the MODIS Collection 6 data record. Since initial publication in 2011–2012, MAIAC has changed considerably to adapt to global processing and improve cloud/s…
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The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission for Science and Society Open
Precipitation is a key source of freshwater; therefore, observing global patterns of precipitation and its intensity is important for science, society, and understanding our planet in a changing climate. In 2014, the National Aeronautics a…
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So, How Much of the Earth’s Surface Is Covered by Rain Gauges? Open
The measurement of global precipitation, both rainfall and snowfall, is critical to a wide range of users and applications. Rain gauges are indispensable in the measurement of precipitation, remaining the de facto standard for precipitatio…
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The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges Open
The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current knowledge on snow, glacier, and permafrost processes, as well as…
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Dramatic declines in snowpack in the western US Open
Mountain snowpack stores a significant quantity of water in the western US, accumulating during the wet season and melting during the dry summers and supplying much of the water used for irrigated agriculture, and municipal and industrial …
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Development of a large-sample watershed-scale hydrometeorological data set for the contiguous USA: data set characteristics and assessment of regional variability in hydrologic model performance Open
We present a community data set of daily forcing and hydrologic response data for 671 small- to medium-sized basins across the contiguous United States (median basin size of 336 km2) that spans a very wide range of hydroclimatic conditions…
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ERA-Interim/Land: a global land surface reanalysis data set Open
ERA-Interim/Land is a global land surface reanalysis data set covering the period 1979–2010. It describes the evolution of soil moisture, soil temperature and snowpack. ERA-Interim/Land is the result of a single 32-year simulation with the…
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Assessment of the SMAP Passive Soil Moisture Product Open
International audience
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Increased West Antarctic and unchanged East Antarctic ice discharge over the last 7 years Open
Ice discharge from large ice sheets plays a direct role in determining rates of sea-level rise. We map present-day Antarctic-wide surface velocities using Landsat 7 and 8 imagery spanning 2013–2015 and compare to earlier estimates derived …
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Acceleration of ice loss across the Himalayas over the past 40 years Open
Glacier ice loss rates across the Himalayas have doubled over the past four decades, consistent with regional atmospheric warming.
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Modelling the climate and surface mass balance of polar ice sheets using RACMO2 – Part 2: Antarctica (1979–2016) Open
We evaluate modelled Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) near-surface climate, surface mass balance (SMB) and surface energy balance (SEB) from the updated polar version of the regional atmospheric climate model, RACMO2 (1979–2016). The updated mode…
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Toward mountains without permanent snow and ice Open
The cryosphere in mountain regions is rapidly declining, a trend that is expected to accelerate over the next several decades due to anthropogenic climate change. A cascade of effects will result, extending from mountains to lowlands with …
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Climate Changes and Their Elevational Patterns in the Mountains of the World Open
Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or amplify what is occurring elsewhere. Accelerating mountain cli…
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On the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level change Open
We assess the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) to sea level change. We use the mass budget method, which quantifies ice sheet mass balance (MB) as the difference between surface mass balance (SMB) and solid ice dischar…
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If Precipitation Extremes Are Increasing, Why Aren't Floods? Open
Despite evidence of increasing precipitation extremes, corresponding evidence for increases in flooding remains elusive. If anything, flood magnitudes are decreasing despite widespread claims by the climate community that if precipitation …
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A Scale to Characterize the Strength and Impacts of Atmospheric Rivers Open
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) play vital roles in the western United States and related regions globally, not only producing heavy precipitation and flooding, but also providing beneficial water supply. This paper introduces a scale for the int…
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The CAMELS-CL dataset: catchment attributes and meteorology for large sample studies – Chile dataset Open
We introduce the first catchment dataset for large sample studies in Chile. This dataset includes 516 catchments; it covers particularly wide latitude (17.8 to 55.0∘ S) and elevation (0 to 6993 m a.s.l.) ranges, and it relies on multiple d…
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Dominant flood generating mechanisms across the United States Open
River flooding can have severe societal, economic, and environmental consequences. However, limited understanding of the regional differences in flood‐generating mechanisms results in poorly understood historical flood trends and uncertain…
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How much runoff originates as snow in the western United States, and how will that change in the future? Open
In the western United States, the seasonal phase of snow storage bridges between winter‐dominant precipitation and summer‐dominant water demand. The critical role of snow in water supply has been frequently quantified using the ratio of sn…
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Ecology under lake ice Open
Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summ…
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Lake volume and groundwater storage variations in Tibetan Plateau's endorheic basin Open
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), the highest and largest plateau in the world, with complex and competing cryospheric‐hydrologic‐geodynamic processes, is particularly sensitive to anthropogenic warming. The quantitative water mass budget in the T…
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Linking atmospheric pollution to cryospheric change in the Third Pole region: current progress and future prospects Open
The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are known as the Third Pole (TP). This region is noted for its high rates of glacier melt and the associated hydrological shifts that affect water supplies in Asia. Atmospheric pollutants contribute…
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Metal–Organic Frameworks for Water Harvesting from Air, Anywhere, Anytime Open
Water is essential to life. It is estimated that by 2050 nearly half of the world population will live in water stressed regions, due to either arid conditions or lack of access to clean water. This Outlook, written for the general readers…
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Snow depth variability in the Northern Hemisphere mountains observed from space Open
Accurate snow depth observations are critical to assess water resources. More than a billion people rely on water from snow, most of which originates in the Northern Hemisphere mountain ranges. Yet, remote sensing observations of mountain …