Residence time (fluid dynamics)
View article
Design and Scaling Up of Microchemical Systems: A Review Open
The past two decades have witnessed a rapid development of microreactors. A substantial number of reactions have been tested in microchemical systems, revealing the advantages of controlled residence time, enhanced transport efficiency, hi…
View article
The residence time of water in the atmosphere revisited Open
This paper revisits the knowledge on the residence time of water in the atmosphere. Based on state-of-the-art data of the hydrological cycle we derive a global average residence time of 8.9 ± 0.4 days (uncertainty given as 1 standard devia…
View article
Estimation of Drug-Target Residence Times by τ-Random Acceleration Molecular Dynamics Simulations Open
Drug-target residence time (τ), one of the main determinants of drug efficacy, remains highly challenging to predict computationally and, therefore, is usually not considered in the early stages of drug design. Here, we present an efficien…
View article
Using SAS functions and high‐resolution isotope data to unravel travel time distributions in headwater catchments Open
We use high‐resolution tracer data from an experimental site to test theoretical approaches that integrate catchment‐scale flow and transport processes in a unified framework centered on selective age sampling by streamflow and evapotransp…
View article
Understanding the formation mechanism of lipid nanoparticles in microfluidic devices with chaotic micromixers Open
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) or liposomes are the most widely used drug carriers for nanomedicines. The size of LNPs is one of the essential factors affecting drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficiency. Here, we demonstrated the eff…
View article
What proportion of riverine nutrients reaches the open ocean? Open
Globally, rivers deliver significant quantities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the coastal ocean each year. Currently, there are no viable estimates of how much of this N and P escapes biogeochemical processing on the shelf to be ex…
View article
The muddle of ages, turnover, transit, and residence times in the carbon cycle Open
Comparisons among ecosystem models or ecosystem dynamics along environmental gradients commonly rely on metrics that integrate different processes into a useful diagnostic. Terms such as age, turnover, residence, and transit times are ofte…
View article
A revised picture of the atmospheric moisture residence time Open
Refined Lagrangian moisture source diagnostics are applied on an air mass transport climatology covering the period 1979–2013 to provide an estimate of the atmospheric moisture residence time. Our diagnostics yield an estimate of about 4–5…
View article
Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Biomass Waste: A Mini Review Open
The utilization of biomass waste as a raw material for renewable energy is a global concern. Pyrolysis is one of the thermal treatments for biomass wastes that results in the production of liquid, solid and gaseous products. Unfortunately,…
View article
Bone char as a green sorbent for removing health threatening fluoride from drinking water Open
Millions of people around the world suffer from or prone to health problems caused by high concentration of fluoride in drinking water sources. One of the environmentally friendly and cost-effective ways for removing fluoride is the use of…
View article
Estuarine Circulation, Mixing, and Residence Times in the Salish Sea Open
A realistic numerical model is used to study the circulation and mixing of the Salish Sea, a large, complex estuarine system on the United States and Canadian west coast. The Salish Sea is biologically productive and supports many importan…
View article
Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor Applications for Biological Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Research and Developments Open
Wastewater treatment is a process that is vital to protecting both the environment and human health. At present, the most cost-effective way of treating wastewater is with biological treatment processes such as the activated sludge process…
View article
Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus through the freshwater pipe Open
The “freshwater pipe” concept has improved our understanding of freshwater carbon (C) cycling, however, it has rarely been applied to macronutrients such as nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P). Here, we synthesize knowledge of the processing of…
View article
Water residence time in Chesapeake Bay for 1980–2012 Open
Concerns have grown over the increase of nutrients and pollutants discharged into the estuaries and coastal seas. The retention and export of these materials inside a system depends on the residence time (RT). A long-term simulation of tim…
View article
Recent Advances in Biomass Pyrolysis Processes for Bioenergy Production: Optimization of Operating Conditions Open
Bioenergy has emerged to be among the primary choices for the short- and medium-term replacement of fossil fuels and the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The most practical method for transforming biomass into biofuel is thermo…
View article
The residence time of water vapour in the atmosphere Open
Atmospheric water vapour residence time (WVRT) is an essential indicator of how atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics mediate hydrological cycle responses to climate change. WVRT is also important in estimating moisture sources and sinks…
View article
Accounting for residence-time in blood rheology models: do we really need non-Newtonian blood flow modelling in large arteries? Open
Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a promising tool that provides highly resolved haemodynamics information. The choice of blood rheology is an assumption in CFD models that has been subject to extensive debate. Blood i…
View article
Characterizing sources and emissions of volatile organic compounds in a northern California residence using space‐ and time‐resolved measurements Open
We investigate source characteristics and emission dynamics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a single-family house in California utilizing time- and space-resolved measurements. About 200 VOC signals, corresponding to more than 200 …
View article
Ammonia–methane interaction in jet-stirred and flow reactors: An experimental and kinetic modeling study Open
The influence of the addition of ammonia on the oxidation of methane was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure, using a fused silica jet-stirred reactor, and a recrystallized…
View article
Technological assessments on recent developments in fine and coarse particle flotation systems Open
After more than a century applying flotation to the mining industry, two completely different strategies have been introduced for processing purposes. One is the classical approach viz. grinding ores to a certain extent (fine particles) an…
View article
Continuous Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge in a Screw-Feeding Reactor: Products Characterization and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Open
Pyrolysis of dried sewage sludge is regarded as an effective treatment method as well as a promising technology for energy/fuel production. In this work, thermochemical conversion of dried sewage sludge in a continuous reactor at different…
View article
Characterization of Milli- and Microflow Reactors: Mixing Efficiency and Residence Time Distribution Open
The increasing academic and industrial interest in flow chemistry resulted in the development of various micro- and milliflow reactors for a wide range of reactions. Owing,to this variety in flow reactors, it is vital to select the correct…
View article
How Hydrologic Connectivity Regulates Water Quality in River Corridors Open
Downstream flow in rivers is repeatedly delayed by hydrologic exchange with off‐channel storage zones where biogeochemical processing occurs. We present a dimensionless metric that quantifies river connectivity as the balance between downs…
View article
A tale of pipes and reactors: Controls on the in‐stream dynamics of dissolved organic matter in rivers Open
The potential for rivers to alter the flux of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from land to ocean is widely accepted. Yet anticipating when and where rivers behave as active reactors vs. passive pipes of DOM stands as a major knowledge gap i…
View article
Transient dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage: mathematical foundation and its applications Open
Terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed roughly 30 % of anthropogenic CO2 emissions over the past decades, but it is unclear whether this carbon (C) sink will endure into the future. Despite extensive modeling and experimental and observation…
View article
A Review on the Production of Light Olefins Using Steam Cracking of Hydrocarbons Open
Light olefins are the main building blocks used in the petrochemical and chemical industries for the production of different components such as polymers, synthetic fibers, rubbers, and plastic materials. Currently, steam cracking of hydroc…
View article
Optimum catalyst selection over continuous and discrete process variables with a single droplet microfluidic reaction platform Open
A mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) algorithm to optimize catalyst turnover number (TON) and product yield by simultaneously modulating discrete variables—catalyst types—and continuous variables—temperature, residence time, and catal…
View article
Catalyst-free single-step plasma reforming of CH4 and CO2 to higher value oxygenates under ambient conditions Open
Direct conversion of CH4 and CO2 to liquid fuels and chemicals under mild conditions is appealing for biogas conversion and utilization but challenging due to the inert nature of both gases. Herein, we report a promising plasma process for…
View article
A Review on Production of Light Olefins via Fluid Catalytic Cracking Open
The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process is an alternative olefin production technology, with lower CO2 emission and higher energy-saving. This process is used for olefin production by almost 60% of the global feedstocks. Different param…
View article
Influence of current velocity and wind speed on air‐water gas exchange in a mangrove estuary Open
Knowledge of air‐water gas transfer velocities and water residence times is necessary to study the fate of mangrove derived carbon exported into surrounding estuaries and ultimately to determine carbon balances in mangrove ecosystems. For …