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Ceria Catalysts at Nanoscale: How Do Crystal Shapes Shape Catalysis? Open
Engineering the shape and size of catalyst particles and the interface between different components of heterogeneous catalysts at the nanometer level can radically alter their performances. This is particularly true with CeO2-based catalys…
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Resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon-radical chain reactions may explain soot inception and growth Open
A radical route to soot The chemical origin of soot is a persistent puzzle. It is clear that small hydrocarbon fragments formed in flames must aggregate into larger particles, but the initial driving force for aggregation remains a mystery…
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Towards a global assessment of pyrogenic carbon from vegetation fires Open
The production of pyrogenic carbon (PyC; a continuum of organic carbon (C) ranging from partially charred biomass and charcoal to soot) is a widely acknowledged C sink, with the latest estimates indicating that ~50% of the PyC produced by …
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Superhydrophobic photothermal icephobic surfaces based on candle soot Open
Significance Here cheap candle soot is utilized to make superhydrophobic photothermal icephobic surfaces. The candle soot provides the hierarchical structure for superhydrophobicity; meanwhile, sunlight can be trapped in the hierarchical s…
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The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways Open
The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but differ in their cons…
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Cleaner burning aviation fuels can reduce contrail cloudiness Open
Contrail cirrus account for the major share of aviation’s climate impact. Yet, the links between jet fuel composition, contrail microphysics and climate impact remain unresolved. Here we present unique observations from two DLR-NASA aircra…
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Cleaner production of cleaner fuels: wind-to-wheel – environmental assessment of CO<sub>2</sub>-based oxymethylene ether as a drop-in fuel Open
A well-to-wheel LCA shows that OME1could serve as an almost carbon-neutral blending component in diesel while even also strongly reducing the NOx and soot emissions.
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Morphology and mixing state of aged soot particles at a remote marine free troposphere site: Implications for optical properties Open
The radiative properties of soot particles depend on their morphology and mixing state, but their evolution during transport is still elusive. Here we report observations from an electron microscopy analysis of individual particles transpo…
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Formation of incipient soot particles from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A ReaxFF molecular dynamics study Open
In this study, we present the results from a series of ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to uncover the underlying mechanisms behind the nucleation and growth of incipient soot particles from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs…
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A Review of Terminology Used to Describe Soot Formation and Evolution under Combustion and Pyrolytic Conditions Open
This review presents a glossary and review of terminology used to describe the chemical and physical processes involved in soot formation and evolution and is intended to aid in communication within the field and across disciplines. There …
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The impacts of firework burning at the Chinese Spring Festival on air quality: insights of tracers, source evolution and aging processes Open
To understand the impact of firework-burning (FW) particles on air quality and human health during the winter haze period, 39 elements, 10 water-soluble ions and 8 fractions of carbonaceous species in atmospheric PM2.5 in Nanjing were inve…
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Mitigating the contrail cirrus climate impact by reducing aircraft soot number emissions Open
Contrail cirrus are a major component of the climate forcing due to air traffic. For a given contrail cirrus cover, ice water content and ice crystal shape, their impact on radiation is dependent on the number and size of ice crystals. Her…
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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM <sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels Open
Humic-like substances (HULIS) in smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (rice straw, corn straw, and pine branch) and fossil fuels (lignite coal and diesel fuel) were comprehensively studied …
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Review of recent literature on the light absorption properties of black carbon: Refractive index, mass absorption cross section, and absorption function Open
International audience
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On the mechanism of soot nucleation Open
New ideas and theoretical results offer a solution to soot particle inception following critical examination of prior proposals.
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Trace Metals in Soot and PM<sub>2.5</sub> from Heavy-Fuel-Oil Combustion in a Marine Engine Open
Heavy fuel oil (HFO) particulate matter (PM) emitted by marine engines is known to contain toxic heavy metals, including vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni). The toxicity of such metals will depend on the their chemical state, size distribution, …
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Insights into incipient soot formation by atomic force microscopy Open
Combustion-generated soot particles can have significant impact on climate, environment and human health. Thus, understanding the processes governing the formation of soot particles in combustion is a topic of ongoing research. In this stu…
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Multi-wavelength optical measurement to enhance thermal/optical analysis for carbonaceous aerosol Open
A thermal/optical carbon analyzer equipped with seven-wavelength light source/detector (405–980 nm) for monitoring spectral reflectance (R) and transmittance (T) of filter samples allowed "thermal spectral analysis (TSA)" and wavelength (λ…
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Contrasting physical properties of black carbon in urban Beijing between winter and summer Open
Black carbon (BC) is known to have major impacts on both human health and climate. The populated megacity represents the most complex anthropogenic BC emissions where the sources and related impacts are very uncertain. This study provides …
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A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification Open
Many research studies have shown that low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines has the ability to yield ultra-low NOx and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. To achieve low temperature combustion, su…
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Remote sensing of soot carbon – Part 1: Distinguishing different absorbing aerosol species Open
We describe a method of using the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) size distributions and complex refractive indices to retrieve the relative proportion of carbonaceous aerosols and free iron minerals (hematite and goethite). We assume th…
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Sensitivity Analysis of Key Parameters for Population Balance Based Soot Model for Low-Speed Diffusion Flames Open
In this article, the evolution of in-flame soot species in a slow speed, buoyancy-driven diffusion flame is thoroughly studied with the implementation of the population balance approach in association with computational fluid dynamics (CFD…
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Particulate Matter from Both Heavy Fuel Oil and Diesel Fuel Shipping Emissions Show Strong Biological Effects on Human Lung Cells at Realistic and Comparable In Vitro Exposure Conditions Open
Despite a lower content of known toxic compounds, combustion particles from the clean shipping fuel DF influenced several essential pathways of lung cell metabolism more strongly than particles from the unrefined fuel HFO. This might be at…
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Highly time-resolved urban aerosol characteristics during springtime inYangtze River Delta, China: insights from soot particle aerosol massspectrometry Open
In this work, the Aerodyne soot particle – aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed for the first time during the spring of 2015 in urban Nanjing, a megacity in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China, for online characterization of …
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Light‐absorbing properties of ambient black carbon and brown carbon from fossil fuel and biomass burning sources Open
The optical properties of ambient black carbon‐containing particles and the composition of their associated coatings were investigated at a downtown site in Toronto, Canada, for 2 weeks in June 2013. The objective was to assess the relatio…
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Examination of a soot model in premixed laminar flames at fuel-rich conditions Open
The primary objective of the present work is to collect and review the vast amount of experimental data on rich laminar premixed flames of hydrocarbon fuels reported in recent years, and to analyze them by using a detailed kinetic mechanis…
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On transient climate change at the Cretaceous−Paleogene boundary due to atmospheric soot injections Open
Significance A mass extinction occurred at the Cretaceous−Paleogene boundary coincident with the impact of a 10-km asteroid in the Yucatán peninsula. A worldwide layer of soot found at the boundary is consistent with global fires. Using a …
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Assessment of the sensitivity of core / shell parameters derived using the single-particle soot photometer to density and refractive index Open
Black carbon (BC) is the dominant absorbing aerosol in the atmosphere, and plays an important role in climate and human health. The optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of soot depend on the amounts (both relativ…
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Brown carbon aerosol in the North American continental troposphere: sources, abundance, and radiative forcing Open
Chemical components of organic aerosol (OA) selectively absorb light at short wavelengths. In this study, the prevalence, sources, and optical importance of this so-called brown carbon (BrC) aerosol component are investigated throughout th…
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Ambient Size Distributions and Lung Deposition of Aerosol Dithiothreitol-Measured Oxidative Potential: Contrast between Soluble and Insoluble Particles Open
Ambient particulate matter may upset redox homeostasis, leading to oxidative stress and adverse health effects. Size distributions of water-insoluble and water-soluble OPDTT (dithiothreitol assay, measure of oxidative potential per air vol…