Pulmonary edema ≈ Pulmonary edema
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Acute high-altitude sickness Open
At any point 1–5 days following ascent to altitudes ≥2500 m, individuals are at risk of developing one of three forms of acute altitude illness: acute mountain sickness, a syndrome of nonspecific symptoms including headache, lassitude, diz…
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Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Open
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite five decades of basic and clinical research, there is still no effective pharmacotherapy for this condi…
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Caspase-11–mediated endothelial pyroptosis underlies endotoxemia-induced lung injury Open
Acute lung injury is a leading cause of death in bacterial sepsis due to the wholesale destruction of the lung endothelial barrier, which results in protein-rich lung edema, influx of proinflammatory leukocytes, and intractable hypoxemia. …
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Transfusion-associated circulatory overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury Open
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) are syndromes of acute respiratory distress that occur within 6 hours of blood transfusion. TACO and TRALI are the leading causes of trans…
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Kallikrein-kinin blockade in patients with COVID-19 to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome Open
COVID-19 patients can present with pulmonary edema early in disease. We propose that this is due to a local vascular problem because of activation of bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and B2R on endothelial cells in the lungs. SARS-CoV-2 enters …
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Acute Lung Injury – From Pathophysiology to Treatment Open
Acute lung injury is characterized by acute respiratory insufficiency with tachypnea, cyanosis refractory to oxygen, decreased lung compliance, and diffuse alveolar infiltrates on chest X-ray. The 1994 American-European Consensus Conferenc…
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Endothelial cell Piezo1 mediates pressure-induced lung vascular hyperpermeability via disruption of adherens junctions Open
Significance Increased hydrostatic pressure in lung capillaries experienced during high altitude, head trauma, and left heart failure can lead to disruption of lung endothelial barrier and edema formation. We identified Piezo1 as a mechani…
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New insights into the mechanisms of pulmonary edema in acute lung injury Open
Appearance of alveolar protein-rich edema is an early event in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar edema in ARDS results from a significant increase in the permeability of the alveolar epithelial barrier…
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A consensus redefinition of transfusion‐related acute lung injury Open
BACKGROUND Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious complication of blood transfusion and is among the leading causes of transfusion‐related morbidity and mortality in most developed countries. In the past decade, the pat…
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Integrating molecular pathogenesis and clinical translation in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome Open
Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has high morbidity and mortality and arises after lung infection or infection at extrapulmonary sites. An aberrant host response to infection leads to disruption of the pulmonary al…
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The Agreement between Auscultation and Lung Ultrasound in Hemodialysis Patients: The LUST Study Open
Background and objectives Accumulation of fluid in the lung is the most concerning sequela of volume expansion in patients with ESRD. Lung auscultation is recommended to detect and monitor pulmonary congestion, but its reliability in ESRD …
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Intra-aortic balloon pump protects against hydrostatic pulmonary oedema during peripheral venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Open
Background: Increased left ventricular afterload during peripheral venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support frequently causes hydrostatic pulmonary oedema. Because physiological studies demonstrated left ventricul…
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Left ventricular unloading during veno-arterial ECMO: a review of percutaneous and surgical unloading interventions Open
Short-term mechanical support by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is more and more applied in patients with severe cardiogenic shock. A major shortcoming of VA ECMO is its variable, but inherent increase of left …
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Differentiating COVID-19 Pneumonia From Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema Open
oronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory illness caused by a droplet-borne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).By May 1, 2020, the pandemic had resulted in ≈3.3 million infections, more than 235,0…
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Human Mesenchymal Stem (Stromal) Cells Promote the Resolution of Acute Lung Injury in Part through Lipoxin A4 Open
Previous studies demonstrated that bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) reduce the severity of acute lung injury in animal models and in an ex vivo perfused human lung model. However, the mechanisms by which MSCs red…
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Peripheral Edema, Central Venous Pressure, and Risk of AKI in Critical Illness Open
Venous congestion, as manifested as either peripheral edema or increased CVP, is directly associated with AKI in critically ill patients. Whether treatment of venous congestion with diuretics can modify this risk will require further study.
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Prone Position in Management of COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary. Open
SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a pneumonia that was identified through fever, dyspnea, and acute respiratory symptoms and named COVID-19. This disease exacerbates in a number of patients and causes pulmonary edema, multi-organ failure, and acute …
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The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Mechanisms and Perspective Therapeutic Approaches. Open
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung inflammatory disorder with a 30-50% mortality. Sepsis and pneumonia are the leading causes of ARDS. On the cellular level there is pulmonary capillary endothelial cell permeabilit…
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Role of epithelial sodium channels in the regulation of lung fluid homeostasis Open
In utero, fetal lung epithelial cells actively secrete Cl − ions into the lung air spaces while Na + ions follow passively to maintain electroneutrality. This process, driven by an electrochemical gradient generated by the Na + -K + -ATPas…
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TACO and TRALI: biology, risk factors, and prevention strategies Open
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) are the leading causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. These adverse events are characterized by acute pulmonary edema wit…
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Unloading the Left Ventricle in Venoarterial ECMO: In Whom, When, and How? Open
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation provides cardiorespiratory support to patients in cardiogenic shock. This comes at the cost of increased left ventricle (LV) afterload that can be partly ascribed to retrograde aortic flow, …
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Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of a Novel, First-in-Class TRPV4 Ion Channel Inhibitor, GSK2798745, in Healthy and Heart Failure Subjects Open
GSK2798745 was well-tolerated in healthy volunteers and patients with stable heart failure. The safety and exposure data obtained in this study allow further evaluation of the drug in long-term clinical studies in heart failure as well as …
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Patient-Self Inflicted Lung Injury: A Practical Review Open
Patients with severe lung injury usually have a high respiratory drive, resulting in intense inspiratory effort that may even worsen lung damage by several mechanisms gathered under the name “patient-self inflicted lung injury” (P-SILI). E…
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Statistical Analysis of Haralick Texture Features to Discriminate Lung Abnormalities Open
The Haralick texture features are a well-known mathematical method to detect the lung abnormalities and give the opportunity to the physician to localize the abnormality tissue type, either lung tumor or pulmonary edema. In this paper, sta…
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Therapeutic Targeting of NF-κB in Acute Lung Injury: A Double-Edged Sword Open
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a devastating disease that can be caused by a variety of conditions including pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, and most recently, COVID-19. Although our understanding of the mec…
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Lung Circulation Open
The circulation of the lung is unique both in volume and function. For example, it is the only organ with two circulations: the pulmonary circulation, the main function of which is gas exchange, and the bronchial circulation, a systemic va…
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Pulmonary Hypertension in Acute and Chronic High Altitude Maladaptation Disorders Open
Alveolar hypoxia is the most prominent feature of high altitude environment with well-known consequences for the cardio-pulmonary system, including development of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension due to an exaggerated hypoxic…
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Acute lung injury in patients with COVID‐19 infection Open
During the 2020 Spring Festival in China, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named COVID‐19 by WHO, brought on a worldwide panic. According to the clinical data of infected patients, radiologic evidence of lung edema is common and deserv…
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T regulatory cells and dendritic cells protect against transfusion-related acute lung injury via IL-10 Open
Key Points CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells protect against antibody-mediated murine TRALI. Murine TRALI is associated with reduced IL-10 levels, and IL-10 administration prevents and rescues TRALI development.
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Lung Inhomogeneities and Time Course of Ventilator-induced Mechanical Injuries Open
Abstract Ventilator-induced lung injury detected as an increased density on computed tomography scan, first occurred at inhomogeneous interfaces, including at the visceral pleura and the subpleural alveolar walls in anesthetized piglets ve…