CityGML
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From concept to application: A review of use cases in urban building energy modeling Open
Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is a bottom-up, physics-based approach to simulate the thermal performance of new or existing neighborhoods and cities. The field has flourished in recent years, creating increasingly robust urban data…
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Automatic conversion of IFC datasets to geometrically and semantically correct CityGML LOD3 buildings Open
Although the international standard CityGML has five levels of detail (LODs), the vast majority of available models are the coarse ones (up to LOD2, i.e. block‐shaped buildings with roofs). LOD3 and LOD4 models, which contain architectural…
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Reconstruction and Efficient Visualization of Heterogeneous 3D City Models Open
The increasing efforts in developing smart city concepts are often coupled with three-dimensional (3D) modeling of envisioned designs. Such conceptual designs and planning are multi-disciplinary in their nature. Realistic implementations m…
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CityGML Application Domain Extension (ADE): overview of developments Open
The Application Domain Extension (ADE) is a built-in mechanism of CityGML to augment its data model with additional concepts required by particular use cases. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the ADE mechanism and a lite…
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The Energy Application Domain Extension for CityGML: enhancing interoperability for urban energy simulations Open
The road towards achievement of the climate protection goals requires, among the rest, a thorough rethinking of the energy planning tools (and policies) at all levels, from local to global. Nevertheless, it is in the cities where the large…
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A Standard Indoor Spatial Data Model—OGC IndoorGML and Implementation Approaches Open
With the recent progress in indoor spatial data modeling, indoor mapping and indoor positioning technologies, several spatial information services for indoor spaces have been provided like for outdoor spaces. In order to support interopera…
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SimStadt, a new workflow-driven urban energy simulation platform for CityGML city models Open
In this paper, we introduce new urban energy simulation platform SimStadt, which has been developed to support public authorities and engineering companies in the planning of the energy transition at urban scale. SimStadt design is marked …
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HBIM-GIS Integration: From IFC to CityGML Standard for Damaged Cultural Heritage in a Multiscale 3D GIS Open
This study describes the technical-systemic and conceptual-informative interoperability tests for the integration of a Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) model in a 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) environment aimed to pro…
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AeroVR: An immersive visualisation system for aerospace design and digital twinning in virtual reality Open
One of today’s most propitious immersive technologies is virtual reality (VR). This term is colloquially associated with headsets that transport users to a bespoke, built-for-purpose immersive 3D virtual environment. It has given rise to t…
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Towards Effective BIM/GIS Data Integration for Smart City by Integrating Computer Graphics Technique Open
The development of a smart city and digital twin requires the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), where BIM models are to be integrated into GIS for visualization and/or analysis. Ho…
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Extending CityGML for IFC-sourced 3D city models Open
Differences in the scope and intent of the contrasting IFC and CityGML data formats entail that converting the former to the latter results in loss of information. However, for some use cases it is beneficial to keep also particular inform…
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Achieving Complete and Near-Lossless Conversion from IFC to CityGML Open
The Singapore Government has embarked on a project to establish a three-dimensional city model and collaborative data platform for Singapore. The research herein contributes to this endeavour by developing a methodology and algorithms to a…
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3D MODELLING AND VISUALIZATION BASED ON THE UNITY GAME ENGINE – ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES Open
3D City modelling is increasingly popular and becoming valuable tools in managing big cities. Urban and energy planning, landscape, noise-sewage modelling, underground mapping and navigation are among the applications/fields which really d…
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Automatically enhancing CityGML LOD2 models with a corresponding indoor geometry Open
The international standard CityGML defines five levels of detail (LODs) for 3D city models, but only the highest of these (LOD4) supports modelling the indoor geometry of a building, which must be acquired in correspondingly high detail an…
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Propagation of positional error in 3D GIS: estimation of the solar irradiation of building roofs Open
While error propagation in GIS is a topic that has received a lot of attention, it has not been researched with 3D GIS data. We extend error propagation to 3D city models using a Monte Carlo simulation on a use case of annual solar irradia…
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Tools for BIM-GIS Integration (IFC Georeferencing and Conversions): Results from the GeoBIM Benchmark 2019 Open
The integration of 3D city models with Building Information Models (BIM), coined as GeoBIM, facilitates improved data support to several applications, e.g., 3D map updates, building permits issuing, detailed city analysis, infrastructure d…
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BIM-GIS-Based Integrated Framework for Underground Utility Management System for Earthwork Operations Open
Underground utilities are important assets that provide basic services for society’s daily life. They are generally very complex and remain unnoticed until they fail due to any particular reason. The stakeholders involved in the design, co…
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val3dity: validation of 3D GIS primitives according to the international standards Open
The validity of 3D primitives in 3D GIS datasets is often a prerequisite for using them in simulation and decision-making software, e.g. visibility analysis, noise pollution assessment, and energy estimation. However, while agreed definiti…
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PROPOSAL FOR A NEW LOD AND MULTI-REPRESENTATION CONCEPT FOR CITYGML Open
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) CityGML standard offers a Level of Detail (LoD) concept that enables the representation of CityGML features from a very detailed to a less detailed description. Due to a rising application variety, the …
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TOWARDS AN INTEGRATION OF GIS AND BIM DATA: WHAT ARE THE GEOMETRICAND TOPOLOGICAL ISSUES? Open
Geographic information and building information modelling both model buildings and infrastructure, but the way in which they are modelled is usually complimentary and BIM-GIS integration is widely considered as a way forward for both domai…
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GIS AND BIM INTEGRATION AT DATA LEVEL: A REVIEW Open
City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) and Industry Foundation Class (IFC) are the two most popular data exchange format for the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) respectively and…
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THE MOST COMMON GEOMETRIC AND SEMANTIC ERRORS IN CITYGMLDATASETS Open
To be used as input in most simulation and modelling software, 3D city models should be geometrically and topologically valid, and semantically rich. We investigate in this paper what is the quality of currently available CityGML datasets,…
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A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes Open
The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modelin…
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HBIM IN A SEMANTIC 3D GIS DATABASE Open
This work describes the different attempts and the consequent results derived from the integration of an HBIM model into an already structured spatial database (DB) and its 3D visualisation in a GIS project.This study is connected to the E…
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A Hybrid Approach for Three-Dimensional Building Reconstruction in Indianapolis from LiDAR Data Open
3D building models with prototypical roofs are more valuable in many applications than 2D building footprints. This research proposes a hybrid approach, combining the data- and model-driven approaches for generating LoD2-level building mod…
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5D Modelling: An Efficient Approach for Creating Spatiotemporal Predictive 3D Maps of Large-Scale Cultural Resources Open
Outdoor large-scale cultural sites are mostly sensitive to environmental, natural and human made factors, implying an imminent need for a spatio-temporal assessment to identify regions of potential cultural interest (material degradation, …
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CityJSON Building Generation from Airborne LiDAR 3D Point Clouds Open
The relevant insights provided by 3D City models greatly improve Smart Cities and their management policies. In the urban built environment, buildings frequently represent the most studied and modeled features. CityJSON format proposes a l…
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Indoor Reconstruction from Floorplan Images with a Deep Learning Approach Open
Although interest in indoor space modeling is increasing, the quantity of indoor spatial data available is currently very scarce compared to its demand. Many studies have been carried out to acquire indoor spatial information from floorpla…
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Integrated modeling of CityGML and IFC for city/neighborhood development for urban microclimates analysis Open
Planning of the built environment requires at least two different levels of planning process and modelling. They can be categorized as city/neighbourhood-scale and building-scale. The typical application for city/neighbourhood-scale is Geo…
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GENERATION OF MULTI-LOD 3D CITY MODELS IN CITYGML WITH THE PROCEDURAL MODELLING ENGINE RANDOM3DCITY Open
The production and dissemination of semantic 3D city models is rapidly increasing benefiting a growing number of use cases. However, their availability in multiple LODs and in the CityGML format is still problematic in practice. This hinde…