Unintended consequences ≈ Unintended consequences
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Declines in Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 2008–2011 Open
After a previous period of minimal change, the rate of unintended pregnancy in the United States declined substantially between 2008 and 2011, but unintended pregnancies remained most common among women and girls who were poor and those wh…
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From HAL 9000 to Agentic AI: A Constitutional Framework for Enterprise Automation Open
Agentic AI systems mark a shift from passive, prompt-driven models to autonomous actors that perceive, plan, and execute actions within enterprise infrastructures. This autonomy introduces risks that exceed conventional bias and safety con…
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Systems integration for global sustainability Open
Seeking systems-based solutions Without sustainable solutions, the world's most pressing environmental concerns will continue to persist or worsen. Achieving the goal of sustainability involves so many factors—from economics to ecology—tha…
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Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: From Microbial Ecology to Public Policy Open
The ability to fight bacterial infections with antibiotics has been a longstanding cornerstone of modern medicine. However, wide-spread overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to unintended consequences, which in turn require large-scale…
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Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: Exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence Open
Misinformation can undermine a well-functioning democracy. For example, public misconceptions about climate change can lead to lowered acceptance of the reality of climate change and lowered support for mitigation policies. This study expe…
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Algorithmic content moderation: Technical and political challenges in the automation of platform governance Open
As government pressure on major technology companies builds, both firms and legislators are searching for technical solutions to difficult platform governance puzzles such as hate speech and misinformation. Automated hash-matching and pred…
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Measuring and Mitigating Unintended Bias in Text Classification Open
We introduce and illustrate a new approach to measuring and mitigating unintended bias in machine learning models. Our definition of unintended bias is parameterized by a test set and a subset of input features. We illustrate how this can …
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Health and environmental effects of heavy metals Open
Seafood safety is a critical requirement for sustained global quantitative and qualitative development. In recent years, unintended poisons have damaged human health and food quality. Heavy metals (HMs) distribution, speciation, bioaccumul…
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Towards new human rights in the age of neuroscience and neurotechnology Open
Rapid advancements in human neuroscience and neurotechnology open unprecedented possibilities for accessing, collecting, sharing and manipulating information from the human brain. Such applications raise important challenges to human right…
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Plausible and desirable futures in the Anthropocene: A new research agenda Open
While the concept of the Anthropocene reflects the past and present nature, scale and magnitude of human impacts on the Earth System, its true significance lies in how it can be used to guide attitudes, choices, policies and actions that i…
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Re-examining Whether, Why, and How Human-AI Interaction Is Uniquely Difficult to Design Open
Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role in improving HCI and user experience. Yet many challenges persist in designing and innovating valuable human-AI interactions. For example, AI systems can make unpredictable …
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Assessing scientists for hiring, promotion, and tenure Open
Assessment of researchers is necessary for decisions of hiring, promotion, and tenure. A burgeoning number of scientific leaders believe the current system of faculty incentives and rewards is misaligned with the needs of society and disco…
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Six Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Grand Challenges Open
Widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is substantially affecting the human condition in ways that are not yet well understood. Negative unintended consequences abound including the perpetuation and exacerbation o…
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Back to the Future: Achieving Health Equity Through Health Informatics and Digital Health Open
The rapid proliferation of health informatics and digital health innovations has revolutionized clinical and research practices. There is no doubt that these fields will continue to have accelerated growth and a substantial impact on popul…
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Governance of artificial intelligence Open
The rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the intensification in the adoption of AI in domains such as autonomous vehicles, lethal weapon systems, robotics and alike pose serious challenges to governments as they must mana…
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Priorities for science to overcome hurdles thwarting the full promise of the ‘digital agriculture’ revolution Open
The world needs to produce more food, more sustainably, on a planet with scarce resources and under changing climate. The advancement of technologies, computing power and analytics offers the possibility that ‘digitalisation of agriculture…
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Interventions for preventing unintended pregnancies among adolescents Open
A combination of educational and contraceptive-promoting interventions appears to reduce unintended pregnancy among adolescents. Evidence for programme effects on biological measures is limited. The variability in study populations, interv…
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The motivational dimension of language teaching Open
Motivation is recognized as a vital component in successful second language learning, and has been the subject of intensive research in recent decades. This review focuses on a growing branch of this research effort, that which examines th…
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Unpacking the complexities of de-implementing inappropriate health interventions Open
De-implementing inappropriate health interventions is essential for minimizing patient harm, maximizing efficient use of resources, and improving population health. Research on de-implementation has expanded in recent years as it cuts acro…
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Thinking responsibly about responsible AI and ‘the dark side’ of AI Open
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been argued to offer a myriad of improvements in how we work and live. The notion of AI comprises a wide-ranging set of technologies that allow individuals and organizations to integrate and analyze data an…
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The need to integrate flood and drought disaster risk reduction strategies Open
Most research on hydrological risks focuses either on flood risk or drought risk, whilst floods and droughts are two extremes of the same hydrological cycle. To better design disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures and strategies, it is imp…
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The unintended consequences of COVID-19 vaccine policy: why mandates, passports and restrictions may cause more harm than good Open
Vaccination policies have shifted dramatically during COVID-19 with the rapid emergence of population-wide vaccine mandates, domestic vaccine passports and differential restrictions based on vaccination status. While these policies have pr…
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Lessons Never Learned: Crisis and gender‐based violence Open
The COVID‐19 pandemic exposes underlying inequalities in our socio‐economic and health systems, such as gender‐based violence (GBV). In emergencies, particularly ones that involve quarantine, GBV often increases. Policymakers must utilize …
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Fungal inoculants in the field: Is the reward greater than the risk? Open
Biofertilizers are a large part of the global agricultural economy. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of companies producing fungal inoculants. Whether these inoculants are useful is not clear; they are difficult to monito…
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Interdependent Infrastructure as Linked Social, Ecological, and Technological Systems (SETSs) to Address Lock‐in and Enhance Resilience Open
Traditional infrastructure adaptation to extreme weather events (and now climate change) has typically been techno‐centric and heavily grounded in robustness—the capacity to prevent or minimize disruptions via a risk‐based approach that em…
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Gender and Representation Bias in GPT-3 Generated Stories Open
Using topic modeling and lexicon-based word similarity, we find that stories generated by GPT-3 exhibit many known gender stereotypes. Generated stories depict different topics and descriptions depending on GPT-3’s perceived gender of the …
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The digital workplace and its dark side: An integrative review Open
An intensification of digital working driven by Covid-19 has brought into sharp focus both the beneficial nature of digital workplace technologies and their potential dark side. Research has burgeoned in this area in recent years, but an i…
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Responsible AI—Two Frameworks for Ethical Design Practice Open
In 2019, the IEEE launched the P7000 standards projects intended to address ethical issues in the design of autonomous and intelligent systems. This move came amidst a growing public concern over the unintended consequences of artificial i…
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Five Myths about Internationalization Open
Five myths about internationalization are explored. A common element of each myths is that the benefits of internationalization or the degree of internationality can be measured quantitatively. The purpose of identifying and reflecting on …
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Reviewing and Theorizing the Unintended Consequences of Performance Management Systems Open
Different design choices in the controls used to manage performance often lead to a range of unintended consequences, which have profound effects on individuals and organizations. This paper presents a mixed review (both systematic and ecl…