Drug-naïve
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Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: An Updated Review Open
Schizophrenia, a multisystem disorder with an unknown etiology, is associated with several immune dysfunctions, including abnormal levels of circulating cytokines. In this review, we investigated the changes of cytokines in schizophrenic p…
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Treatment Response Prediction in Hepatitis C Patients using Machine Learning Techniques Open
The proper prognosis of treatment response is crucial in any medical therapy to reduce the effects of the disease and of the medication as well. The mortality rate due to hepatitis c virus (HCV) is high in Pakistan as well as all over the …
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Longitudinal CSF biomarkers in patients with early Parkinson disease and healthy controls Open
These core CSF biomarkers remained stable over 6 and 12 months in patients with early PD and HC. PD medication use may influence CSF α-syn. Novel biomarkers are needed to better profile progressive neurodegeneration in PD.
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Potential sex differences in nonmotor symptoms in early drug-naive Parkinson disease Open
Our analysis revealed notable sex differences in several nonmotor features of patients with de novo PD. Furthermore, we found a parsimonious NMS combination that could effectively differentiate de novo cases from healthy controls.
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Abnormal Resting-State Connectivity in a Substantia Nigra-Related Striato-Thalamo-Cortical Network in a Large Sample of First-Episode Drug-Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia Open
Based on our a priori hypothesis, we analyzed a large sample resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset from first-episode drug-naïve SCZ patients (n = 112) and healthy controls (n = 82) using the SN as the seed reg…
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Gut Microbiome Composition Linked to Inflammatory Factors and Cognitive Functions in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Major Depressive Disorder Patients Open
Objective The microbiota–gut–brain axis, especially the inflammatory pathway, may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, studies on the microbiota-inflammatory-cognitiv…
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Increased Brain Lactate During Depressive Episodes and Reversal Effects by Lithium Monotherapy in Drug-Naive Bipolar Disorder Open
Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism impairment are key components in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and may involve a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Measurement of brain lactate in vivo usin…
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Altered serum interleukin-7 and interleukin-10 are associated with drug-free major depressive disorder Open
Background: Abnormal expression of inflammatory cytokines in major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests the activation of an inflammatory process. The pattern of alterations in cytokine levels is still ambiguous. The present study aimed to e…
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Evaluation of serum amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder Open
Background The alterations of biological markers are thought to be effective tools to understand the pathophysiology and management of major depressive disorder (MDD). A lot of researches has implied many markers for depression, but any of…
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Mitochondrial Complex 1, Sigma 1, and Synaptic Vesicle <span>2A</span> in Early <span>Drug‐Naive</span> Parkinson's Disease Open
Background Dysfunction of mitochondrial energy generation may contribute to neurodegeneration, leading to synaptic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to find cross‐sectional and longitudinal changes in PET ma…
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High-field magnetic resonance imaging of structural alterations in first-episode, drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder Open
Previous structural imaging studies have found evidence of brain morphometric changes in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but these studies rarely excluded compounding effects of certain important factors, such as medications…
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Dysfunction of the Default Mode Network in Drug-Naïve Parkinson’s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairments: A Resting-State fMRI Study Open
Objective: Cognitive impairments are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can even occur in the early stages. The default mode network (DMN) is highly relevant for cognitive processes; however, it remains largely unknown if changes in th…
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Increased Cerebellar-Default-Mode-Network Connectivity in Drug-Naive Major Depressive Disorder at Rest Open
The default-mode network (DMN) has been implicated in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and the cerebellum is suggested to be involved in high-order cognitive network such as the DMN. However, the specific contribution o…
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Anomalous single‐subject based morphological cortical networks in drug‐naive, first‐episode major depressive disorder Open
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with disruptions in the topological organization of brain morphological networks in group‐level data. Such disruptions have not yet been identified in single‐patients, which is needed to …
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Gut microbial biomarkers for the treatment response in first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia: a 24-week follow-up study Open
Preclinical studies have shown that the gut microbiota can play a role in schizophrenia (SCH) pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis. However, its role in the antipsychotic treatment response is unclear. Here, we present a 24-week follow-up s…
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Local-to-remote cortical connectivity in early- and adulthood-onset schizophrenia Open
Schizophrenia is increasingly thought of as a brain network or connectome disorder and is associated with neurodevelopmental processes. Previous studies have suggested the important role of anatomical distance in developing a connectome wi…
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Decreased levels of serum oxytocin in pediatric patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Open
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are highly comorbid, and both disorders share executive function deficits. Accumulating evidence suggests that ASD patients have significantly lower periphe…
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Relationship between white matter integrity and serum inflammatory cytokine levels in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: diffusion tensor imaging study using tract-based spatial statistics Open
Recently, accumulated evidence has indicated a role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between white matter integrity and serum cytokine levels during the first …
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Decreased Resting-State Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity Correlated with Neurocognitive Deficits in Drug-Naive First-Episode Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia Open
Our findings highlight resting-state interhemispheric FC abnormalities within the sensorimotor network of patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia and confirm the relationship between adolescent-onset schizophrenia and adult-onset schi…
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Differential White Matter Regional Alterations in Motor Subtypes of Early Drug-Naive Parkinson’s Disease Patients Open
Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be classified into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes with TD considered as the benign subtype. The neural alterations of the 2 subtypes in the early s…
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Relationship between white matter integrity and serum cortisol levels in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: Diffusion tensor imaging study using tract-based spatial statistics Open
Background Higher daytime cortisol levels because of a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The elevated glucocorticoids inhibit the proliferation of the oligo…
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Blood Biomarkers Associated with Cognitive Decline in Early Stage and Drug-Naive Parkinson’s Disease Patients Open
Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) continues to be a major challenge in the field. The lack of a robust biomarker to detect early stage PD patients has considerably slowed the progress toward the development of potential therapeut…
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Resting-state cerebellar-cerebral networks are differently affected in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia patients and unaffected siblings Open
Dysconnectivity hypothesis posits that schizophrenia is a disorder with dysconnectivity of the cortico-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuit (CCTCC). However, it remains unclear to the changes of the cerebral connectivity with the cerebellu…
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Addiction as an Attachment Disorder: White Matter Impairment Is Linked to Increased Negative Affective States in Poly-Drug Use Open
Substance use disorders (SUD) have been shown to be linked to various neuronal and behavioral impairments. In this study, we investigate whether there is a connection between the integrity of white matter (WM) and attachment styles as well…
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Analysis of Altered Baseline Brain Activity in Drug-Naive Adult Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Using Resting-State Functional MRI Open
These results of the altered regional baseline brain function in SAD suggest that the regions with abnormal spontaneous activities are involved in the underlying pathophysiology of SAD patients.
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Resting-state functional changes in the precuneus within first-episode drug-naive patients with MDD Open
The current study found abnormal activity of the precuneus at resting state in first-episode drug-naive patients with MDD, indicating that activity within the precuneus may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of MDD.
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Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy Open
Summary Objective Patients with genetic generalized epilepsy ( GGE ) have subtle morphologic abnormalities of the brain revealed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , particularly in the thalamus. However, it is unclear whether morpholog…
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Altered Global Brain Functional Connectivity in Drug-Naive Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Open
Abnormal functional connectivity (FC) within discrete brain networks is involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with inconsistent results. In the present study, we investigated the FC patterns of 40 drug-naiv…
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Effect and Potential Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Add-On Treatment in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Open
Objectives . To explore effectiveness and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) add-on treatment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Methods . Fifty PD patients were randomly assigned to drug plus EA (D + EA) group and drug alone (D) gro…
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<span>Eight‐week</span> antidepressant treatment reduces functional connectivity in <span>first‐episode drug‐naïve</span> patients with major depressive disorder Open
Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal functional connectivity of brain networks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings have been inconsistent. A recent big‐data study found abnormal intrinsic function…