Burden of proof
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Translating daily COVID-19 screening into a simple glucose test: a proof of concept study Open
COVID-19 glucose test: translating SARS-CoV-2 detection into a glucose test is achieved by incorporating target-responsive rolling circle amplification and a CRISPR-based collateral cleavage module with a portable glucose meter.
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First-in-human use of a marine oxygen carrier (M101) for organ preservation: A safety and proof-of-principle study Open
The medical device M101 is an extracellular hemoglobin featuring high oxygen-carrying capabilities. Preclinical studies demonstrated its safety as an additive to organ preservation solutions and its beneficial effect on ischemia/reperfusio…
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Pros and cons of consensus algorithm proof of stake. Difference in the network safety in proof of work and proof of stake Open
The consensus algorithm is a mechanism that allows you to protect the network against attacks.The work of the algorithm is to provide rules that act on the network members.Proof of Work is one of the consensus algorithms based on the calcu…
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NASA Sees First in 2018 the Direct Proof of Ozone Hole Recovery Open
FIGURE 1. Geographic ranges of Acanthistius brasilianus (dotted line,15º to 23º S) and A. patachonicus (solid line, 23º to 48º S). (1) Type locality of A. brasilianus (15º S, off Ilehus); (2) Type localities of A. patachonicus, off Argenti…
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From Proof of Concept to Scalable Policies: Challenges and Solutions, with an Application Open
The promise of randomized controlled trials is that evidence gathered through the evaluation of a specific program helps us-possibly after several rounds of fine-tuning and multiple replications in different contexts-to inform policy.Howev…
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Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt: Laboratory Evidence Open
We investigate how third-party punishers and potential violators decide under evidentiary uncertainty in a take game. In line with the legal requirement and in contrast to economic models, neither the sanction nor the harm level affects th…
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Legal burdens of proof and statistical evidence Open
Legal standards of proof are often construed as quantifiable likelihoods. Beyond reasonable doubt, for example, is glossed as 90 to 95% confidence in the guilt of the defendant; preponderance of evidence is glossed as above 50% confidence.…
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Expectations-Based Loss Aversion May Help Explain Seemingly Dominated Choices in Strategy-Proof Mechanisms Open
Deferred Acceptance (DA), a widely implemented algorithm, is meant to improve allocations: under classical preferences, it induces preference-concordant rankings.However, recent evidence shows that-in both real, large-stakes applications a…
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A short proof of the Marchenko–Pastur theorem Open
We prove the Marchenko–Pastur theorem for random matrices with i.i.d. columns and a general dependence structure within the columns by a simple modification of the standard Cauchy–Stieltjes resolvent method.
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Moving Toward More Authentic Proof Practices in Geometry Open
Various stakeholders in mathematics education have called for increasing the role of reasoning and proving in the school mathematics curriculum. There is some evidence that these recommendations have been taken seriously by mathematics edu…
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The surprising history of the preponderance standard of civil proof Open
That the preponderance of the evidence should determine civil cases has long been taken for granted, but not for as long as most assume. It turns out that the preponderance of the evidence standard for resolving factual disputes did not ar…
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HOL-Z 2.0: A Proof Environment for Z-Specifications Open
We present a new proof environment for the specification language Z. The basis is a semantic representation of Z in a structure-preserving, shallow embedding in Isabelle/HOL. On top of the embedding, new proof support for the Z schema calc…
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Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Judicial Role Open
The two most vilified cases in administrative law are Business Roundtable v Securities and Exchange Commission and Corrosion Proof Fittings v Environmental Protection Agency. In Business Roundtable, the DC Circuit struck down the SEC’s pro…
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ON A RIGOROUS PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE OF COMPLEX WAVES IN A DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE OF CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION Open
Existence of symmetric complex waves in a dielectric rod (DR) - a dielectric waveguide of circular cross section - is proved by analyzing functional properties of the dispersion equations (DEs) usi ...
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Extending the Multiregional Input‐Output Framework to Labor‐Related Impacts: A Proof of Concept Open
Summary Given the high potential shown by the recent developments in environmentally extended and multiregional input‐output (I‐O) analysis, a natural step would be to extend this theoretical framework beyond the environmental dimension to…
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Health effects associated with chewing tobacco: a Burden of Proof study Open
Chewing tobacco use poses serious health risks; yet it has not received as much attention as other tobacco-related products. This study synthesizes existing evidence regarding the health impacts of chewing tobacco while accounting for vari…
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ASAS PEMBALIKAN BEBAN PEMBUKTIAN TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM SISTEM HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN KONVENSI PERSERIKATAN BANGSA-BANGSA ANTI KORUPSI 2003 Open
This article describes some problems of the result of research regarding the shifting of burden of proof upon corruption offences in the Indonesian system of criminal law with regards UN Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) 2003. There ar…
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ChatGPT and SEC Rule Future proof your Chats and comply with SEC Rule Open
chatgpt and SEC rules
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1416Transvenous carotid body ablation for resistant hypertension: main results of a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study Open
Lifestyle choices and blood pressure / Device based therapy in hypertension 267Gezondheidscentra, Epidemiology, Utrecht, Netherlands.On behalf of SMART-study group Background: Dietary sodium restriction and upholding adequate potassium int…
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Global Plasma Profiling for Colorectal Cancer-Associated Volatile Organic Compounds: a Proof-of-Principle Study Open
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could reflect changes resulting from ongoing pathophysiological processes and altered body metabolisms, and thus have been studied for various types of cancers. We aimed to test an advanced global metabolo…
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Lab on a chip devices for fertility: from proof-of-concept to clinical impact Open
This perspective provides an overview of microfluidics for fertility efforts with a particular focus on clinical applications and commercialization.
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Temperature change is an important departure cue in nocturnal migrants: controlled experiments with wild-caught birds in a proof-of-concept study Open
The decision-making process of migrating birds at stopover sites is a complex interplay of the innate migration program and both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While it is well studied how variation in precipitation, wind and air pressur…
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The Seeming Interdependence Between the Concepts of Valid Inference and Proof Open
We may try to explain proofs as chains of valid inference, but the concept of validity needed in such an explanation cannot be the traditional one. For an inference to be legitimate in a proof it must have sufficient epistemic power, so th…
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An innovative and efficient route to the synthesis of metal-based glycoconjugates: proof-of-concept and potential applications Open
An innovative, facile and efficient synthetic route to the functionalization of metallodrugs with carbohydrates in high yields and purity is reported.
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A burden of proof study on alcohol consumption and ischemic heart disease Open
Cohort and case-control data have suggested an association between low to moderate alcohol consumption and decreased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD), yet results from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies designed to reduce bias have s…
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Two Hop Blockchain Model: Resonating Between Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Authority (PoA) Open
The invention of crypto-currencies as an online means of transactions has lured many IT companies, freelancers and coders to this new form of currency. Nakamoto’s consensus protocol and the invention of the idea behind the blockchain netwo…
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Standards of Proof and Civil Litigation: A Game-Theoretic Analysis Open
In litigation models, the parties’ probability to succeed in a lawsuit hinge upon the merits of the parties’ claims and their litigation efforts. In this paper we extend this framework to consider an important procedural aspect of the lega…
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Facts, Evidence and the Burden of Proof in the World Bank Group Sanctions System Open
The large and growing number of international judicial and quasi-judicial bodies has made international procedural law an important part of public international law. This article examines how procedural rules of a certain type—provisions r…
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Plant sentience: The burden of proof Open
Segundo-Ortin & Calvo’s (2023) target article takes a less speculative and more evidence-based approach to plant sentience than did previous works promoting that idea. However, it retains many of the idea’s longstanding difficulties such a…
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Energy-aware proof-of-authority: Blockchain consensus for clustered wireless sensor network Open
This study addresses integrating blockchain technology into lightweight devices, specifically clustered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Integrating blockchain into the WSNs solves the problems of heterogeneity, data integrity, and data co…