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Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer Open
Scale development and validation are critical to much of the work in the health, social, and behavioral sciences. However, the constellation of techniques required for scale development and evaluation can be onerous, jargon-filled, unfamil…
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Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, and Ethics (FATE) in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and higher education: A systematic review Open
Background: The use of Artificial Intelligence or AI is rising in higher education. With this rise, the morality of AI programs is being questioned. There is, as such, a need to understand how notions of Fairness, Accountability, Transpare…
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The readability of scientific texts is decreasing over time Open
Clarity and accuracy of reporting are fundamental to the scientific process. Readability formulas can estimate how difficult a text is to read. Here, in a corpus consisting of 709,577 abstracts published between 1881 and 2015 from 123 scie…
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Towards a More Representative Definition of Cyber Security Open
In recent years, ‘Cyber Security’ has emerged as a widely-used term with increased adoption by practitioners and politicians alike. However, as with many fashionable jargon, there seems to be very little understanding of what the term real…
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Stopwords in technical language processing Open
There are increasing applications of natural language processing techniques for information retrieval, indexing, topic modelling and text classification in engineering contexts. A standard component of such tasks is the removal of stopword…
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Social context in sentiment analysis: Formal definition, overview of current trends and framework for comparison Open
Sentiment analysis in social media is harder than in other types of text due to limitations such as abbreviations, jargon, and references to existing content or concepts. Nevertheless, social media provides more information beyond text, su…
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An Effective BERT-Based Pipeline for Twitter Sentiment Analysis: A Case Study in Italian Open
Over the last decade industrial and academic communities have increased their focus on sentiment analysis techniques, especially applied to tweets. State-of-the-art results have been recently achieved using language models trained from scr…
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Deconstructing the seductive allure of neuroscience explanations Open
Previous work showed that people find explanations more satisfying when they contain irrelevant neuroscience information. The current studies investigate why this effect happens. In Study 1 ( N =322), subjects judged psychology explanation…
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Named Entity Recognition Over Electronic Health Records Through a Combined Dictionary-based Approach Open
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What is in a name: Defining “high entropy” oxides Open
High entropy oxides are emerging as an exciting new avenue to design highly tailored functional behaviors that have no traditional counterparts. Study and application of these materials are bringing together scientists and engineers from p…
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Registered Nurses’ experiences of patient participation in hospital care: supporting and hindering factors patient participation in care Open
Background Promoting patient participation in care is an international priority identified by the World Health Organization and various national bodies around the world and an important aspect of person‐centred care. Aim The aim of this st…
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Automatic jargon identifier for scientists engaging with the public and science communication educators Open
Scientists are required to communicate science and research not only to other experts in the field, but also to scientists and experts from other fields, as well as to the public and policymakers. One fundamental suggestion when communicat…
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Practical Guidelines to Develop and Evaluate a Questionnaire Open
Life expectancy is gradually increasing due to continuously improving medical and nonmedical interventions. The increasing life expectancy is desirable but brings in issues such as impairment of quality of life, disease perception, cogniti…
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Young Adults’ Belief in Genetic Determinism, and Knowledge and Attitudes towards Modern Genetics and Genomics: The PUGGS Questionnaire Open
In this paper we present the development and validation a comprehensive questionnaire to assess college students' knowledge about modern genetics and genomics, their belief in genetic determinism, and their attitudes towards applications o…
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The power of talk and power in talk: a systematic review of Indigenous narratives of culturally safe healthcare communication Open
The study aimed to explore Indigenous narrative accounts of healthcare access within qualitative research papers, to better understand Indigenous views on culturally safe healthcare and health communication represented in that literature. …
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A classification of threats to traditional ecological knowledge and conservation responses Open
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) shapes human-environment interactions across much of the globe. Numerous case studies have provided evidence of TEK degradation, with substantial implications for the status of biodiversity. Previous …
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Historical development of rainfall‐runoff modeling Open
Rainfall‐runoff models are used across academia and industry, and the number and type have proliferated over time. In this primer we briefly introduce the key features of these models and provide an overview of their historical development…
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Why the clinical utility of diagnostic categories in psychiatry is intrinsically limited and how we can use new approaches to complement them Open
It is becoming increasingly evident that the usefulness of diagnostic categories in psychiatry has been overemphasized. These categories have been initially charged with implications in terms of pointing to a specific treatment and prospec…
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Ten Simple Rules for a Successful Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Open
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Normative Emotional Responses to Behavior Analysis Jargon or How Not to Use Words to Win Friends and Influence People Open
It has been suggested that non-experts regard the jargon of behavior analysis as abrasive, harsh, and unpleasant. If this is true, excessive reliance on jargon could interfere with the dissemination of effective services. To address this o…
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Accuracy in Patient Understanding of Common Medical Phrases Open
Importance Despite acknowledging that medical jargon should be avoided, health care practitioners frequently use it when communicating with patients. Objective To characterize the understanding of common medical jargon terms by surveying a…
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How Experts’ Use of Medical Technical Jargon in Different Types of Online Health Forums Affects Perceived Information Credibility: Randomized Experiment With Laypersons Open
To provide health information online that is perceived as credible, experts should consider using similar language as the language used by the addressed audience. As it is often impossible to determine the exact makeup of an online audienc…
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Discussing prognosis and treatment goals with patients with advanced cancer: A qualitative analysis of oncologists’ language Open
Background The National Academy of Medicine recommends that cancer patients be knowledgeable of their prognosis to enable them to make informed treatment decisions, but research suggests few patients receive this information. Objective Thi…
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A guide for proper utilisation of stable isotope reference materials Open
Many scientific publications about stable isotope ratios suffer from flawed practices regarding calibration and normalisation of raw δ values in conjunction with prescribed δ values of reference materials. Violations of the identical treat…
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Artificial intelligence and machine learning: an introduction for orthopaedic surgeons Open
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to the field of orthopaedic surgery is rapidly increasing. While this represents an important step in the advancement of our specialty, the concept of AI is rich with sta…
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Young Adults’ Perspectives on the Use of Symptom Checkers for Self-Triage and Self-Diagnosis: Qualitative Study Open
Background Young adults often browse the internet for self-triage and diagnosis. More sophisticated digital platforms such as symptom checkers have recently become pervasive; however, little is known about their use. Objective The aim of t…
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Patriotic Betrayal: The Inside Story of the CIA's Secret Campaign to Enroll American Students in the Crusade Against Communism Open
In 1967, CIA director Richard Helms had, as he would later recall, of my darkest days when President Lyndon Johnson told him that the muckraking magazine Ramparts was about to expose one of the Agency's best-kept secrets: a covert project…
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Aksi Bela Islam: islamic clicktivism and the new authority of religious propaganda in the millennial age in Indonesia Open
The great Islamic mass rally which well known as “Aksi Bela Islam (Defending Islam action) 212” in Indonesia has always been claimed as the triumph of Islamic activism. This action continue to be voiced through social media such as Faceboo…
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YouTube Usage in the University Classroom: An Argument for its Pedagogical Benefits Open
The demands of teaching at the tertiary level are increasing all the time. YouTube is one of the new e-resources that can be used in contemporary tertiary education pedagogy. This paper is an account of YouTube usage in three psychology cl…
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On Designing Programming Error Messages for Novices: Readability and its Constituent Factors Open
Programming error messages play an important role in learning to program. The cycle of program input and error message response completes a loop between the programmer and the compiler/interpreter and is a fundamental interaction between h…