Cachexia ≈ Cachexia
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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Open
Cancer cachexia occurs in the majority of cancer patients before death, and it is responsible for the death of 22% of cancer patients.One of the most relevant characteristics of cachexia is that of asthenia, which reflects significant musc…
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Sarcopenia: A Time for Action. An SCWD Position Paper Open
The term sarcopenia was introduced in 1988. The original definition was a “muscle loss” of the appendicular muscle mass in the older people as measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). In 2010, the definition was altered to be lo…
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Management of Cancer Cachexia: ASCO Guideline Open
PURPOSE To provide evidence-based guidance on the clinical management of cancer cachexia in adult patients with advanced cancer. METHODS A systematic review of the literature collected evidence regarding nutritional, pharmacologic, and oth…
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Cancer-associated malnutrition, cachexia and sarcopenia: the skeleton in the hospital closet 40 years later Open
An awareness of the importance of nutritional status in hospital settings began more than 40 years ago. Much has been learned since and has altered care. For the past 40 years several large studies have shown that cancer patients are among…
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Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review Open
Age‐associated obesity and muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) are intimately connected and are reciprocally regulated by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle dysfunction. During ageing, adipose inflammation leads to the redistribution of fat to the…
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Cancer cachexia in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines☆ Open
• This ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline provides key recommendations for managing cancer-related cachexia. • It covers screening, assessment and multimodal management of cancer cachexia. • All recommendations were compiled by a multidiscip…
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Cancer cachexia, mechanism and treatment Open
It is estimated that half of all patients with cancer eventually develop a syndrome of cachexia, with anorexia and a progressive loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cancer cachexia is characterized by systemic inflammation, ne…
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Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training Open
Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and respiration. Transmission of external stimuli to intracellular effector proteins via signalling pathways is a highly regulated and controlled process …
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Prevalence of malnutrition in patients at first medical oncology visit: the PreMiO study Open
Background: In cancer patients, malnutrition is associated with treatment toxicity, complications, reduced physical functioning, and decreased survival. The Prevalence of Malnutrition in Oncology (PreMiO) study identified malnutrition or i…
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The Spectrum of Malnutrition/Cachexia/Sarcopenia in Oncology According to Different Cancer Types and Settings: A Narrative Review Open
Nutritional status in oncological patients may differ according to several modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Knowledge of the epidemiology of malnutrition/cachexia/sarcopenia may help to manage these complications early in the course …
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Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia Open
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer c…
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Mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in cancer-associated cachexia Open
Metabolic dysfunction contributes to the clinical deterioration observed in advanced cancer patients and is characterized by weight loss, skeletal muscle wasting, and atrophy of the adipose tissue. This systemic syndrome, termed cancer-ass…
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Prevalence and clinical impact of cachexia in chronic illness in Europe, USA, and Japan: facts and numbers update 2016 Open
Cachexia is a serious clinical consequence of almost all chronic diseases when reaching advanced stages. Its prevalence ranges from 5–15% in end‐stage chronic heart failure to 50–80% in advanced malignant cancer. Cachexia is also frequentl…
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A randomized phase II feasibility trial of a multimodal intervention for the management of cachexia in lung and pancreatic cancer Open
Background Cancer cachexia is a syndrome of weight loss (including muscle and fat), anorexia, and decreased physical function. It has been suggested that the optimal treatment for cachexia should be a multimodal intervention. The primary a…
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Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Wasting During Cachexia Open
Cachexia is the involuntary loss of muscle and adipose tissue that strongly affects mortality and treatment efficacy in patients with cancer or chronic inflammatory disease. Currently, no specific treatments or interventions are available …
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Latest consensus and update on protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney disease Open
Prevention and treatment of PEW should involve individualized and integrated approaches to modulate identified risk factors and contributing comorbidities.
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Sarcopenia and cachexia in the era of obesity: clinical and nutritional impact Open
Our understanding of body composition (BC) variability in contemporary populations has significantly increased with the use of imaging techniques. Abnormal BC such as sarcopenia (low muscle mass) and obesity (excess adipose tissue) are pre…
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Mitochondrial degeneration precedes the development of muscle atrophy in progression of cancer cachexia in tumour‐bearing mice Open
Background Cancer cachexia is largely irreversible, at least via nutritional means, and responsible for 20–40% of cancer‐related deaths. Therefore, preventive measures are of primary importance; however, little is known about muscle pertur…
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Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions Open
Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine that has been reported to have anabolic effects on protein metabolism. The aims of this article were to summarize the results of studies of the effe…
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Systemic inflammation in colorectal cancer: Underlying factors, effects, and prognostic significance Open
Systemic inflammation is a marker of poor prognosis preoperatively present in around 20%-40% of colorectal cancer patients. The hallmarks of systemic inflammation include an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase…
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Clinical relevance of sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease Open
Sarcopenia, now with its own International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code, is of importance clinically and should be accounted for in research studies in patients with CKD. Multiple therapies for sarcopenia are in …
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The regulation of muscle mass by endogenous glucocorticoids Open
Glucocorticoids are highly conserved fundamental regulators of energy homeostasis. In response to stress in the form of perceived danger or acute inflammation, glucocorticoids are released from the adrenal gland, rapidly mobilizing energy …
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Low skeletal muscle radiation attenuation and visceral adiposity are associated with overall survival and surgical site infections in patients with pancreatic cancer Open
Background Cancer cachexia and skeletal muscle wasting are related to poor survival. In this study, quantitative body composition measurements using computed tomography (CT) were investigated in relation to survival, post‐operative complic…
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Relationship between markers of malnutrition and clinical outcomes in older adults with cancer: systematic review, narrative synthesis and meta-analysis Open
Malnutrition predicts poorer clinical outcomes for people with cancer. Older adults with cancer are a complex, growing population at high risk of weight-losing conditions. A number of malnutrition screening tools exist, however the best sc…
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Tumor induces muscle wasting in mice through releasing extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90 Open
Cachexia, characterized by muscle wasting, is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. However, the key cachexins that mediate cancer-induced muscle wasting remain elusive. Here, we show that tumor-released extracellular Hsp70 and …
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Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017 Open
Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and muscle function) is a strong predictor of frailty, disability and mortality in older persons and may also occur in obese subjects. The prevalence of sarcopenia is increased in patients suffering from chr…
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Cancer Cachexia: Definition, Staging, and Emerging Treatments Open
Cachexia is a multifactorial disease characterized by weight loss via skeletal muscle and adipose tissue loss, an imbalance in metabolic regulation, and reduced food intake. It is caused by factors of catabolism produced by tumors in the s…
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Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications Open
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered immunonutrients and are commonly used in the nutritional therapy of cancer patients due to their ample biological effects. Omega-3 PUFAs play essential roles in cell signaling and …
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Role of exercise in age-related sarcopenia Open
Sarcopenia is an age-associated decline of skeletal muscle mass and function and is known to lead to frailty, cachexia, osteoporosis, metabolic syndromes, and death. Notwithstanding the increasing incidence of sarcopenia, the molecular and…
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Anamorelin (ONO‐7643) for the treatment of patients with non–small cell lung cancer and cachexia: Results from a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study of Japanese patients (ONO‐7643‐04) Open
BACKGROUND Cachexia, described as weight loss (mainly in lean body mass [LBM]) and anorexia, is common in patients with advanced cancer. This study examined the efficacy and safety of anamorelin (ONO‐7643), a novel selective ghrelin recept…