Glucose 6-phosphate ≈ Glucose 6-phosphate
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2-Deoxy-d-Glucose and Its Analogs: From Diagnostic to Therapeutic Agents Open
The ability of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) to interfere with d-glucose metabolism demonstrates that nutrient and energy deprivation is an efficient tool to suppress cancer cell growth and survival. Acting as a d-glucose mimic, 2-DG inhibits g…
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Glycogen metabolism in humans Open
In the human body, glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose stored mainly in the liver and the skeletal muscle that supplies glucose to the blood stream during fasting periods and to the muscle cells during muscle contraction. Glycogen ha…
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Liver glucose metabolism in humans Open
Information about normal hepatic glucose metabolism may help to understand pathogenic mechanisms underlying obesity and diabetes mellitus. In addition, liver glucose metabolism is involved in glycosylation reactions and connected with fatt…
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A Cytosolic Bypass and G6P Shunt in Plants Lacking Peroxisomal Hydroxypyruvate Reductase Open
The oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by Rubisco is the first step in photorespiration and reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis in C3 plants. Our recent data indicate that mutants in photorespiration have increased rates of phot…
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Glucose 6-Phosphate Accumulates via Phosphoglucose Isomerase Inhibition in Heart Muscle Open
Rationale: Metabolic and structural remodeling is a hallmark of heart failure. This remodeling involves activation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, but little is known on how intermediary metabolites are integ…
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Transcriptional Regulation of the Glucose-6-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocator 2 Is Related to Carbon Exchange Across the Chloroplast Envelope Open
The exchange of reduced carbon across the inner chloroplast envelope has a large impact on photosynthesis and growth. Under steady-state conditions it is thought that glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) does not cross the chloroplast membrane. Howev…
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Plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases are regulated to maintain activity in the light Open
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) can initiate the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) shunt around the Calvin–Benson cycle. To understand the regulation of flux through this pathway, we have characterized the biochemical parameters and redo…
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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenases: The Hidden Players of Plant Physiology Open
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) catalyzes a metabolic hub between glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to 6-phosphogluconolactone concomitantly with the productio…
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Chemical exchange–sensitive spin‐lock (<span>CESL) MRI</span> of glucose and analogs in brain tumors Open
Purpose Glucose uptake and metabolism can be measured by chemical exchange–sensitive spin‐lock (CESL) MRI with an administration of glucose or its analogs. This study investigates the sensitivity, the spatiotemporal characteristics, and th…
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Alterations in Cytosolic and Mitochondrial [U-<sup>13</sup>C]Glucose Metabolism in a Chronic Epilepsy Mouse Model Open
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a common form of adult epilepsy and shows high resistance to treatment. Increasing evidence has suggested that metabolic dysfunction contributes to the development of seizures, with previous studies indicating imp…
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Characterization of a Novel Two-Component Regulatory System, HptRS, the Regulator for the Hexose Phosphate Transport System in Staphylococcus aureus Open
Hexose phosphate is an important carbon source within the cytoplasm of host cells. Bacterial pathogens that invade, survive, and multiply within various host epithelial cells exploit hexose phosphates from the host cytoplasm through the h …
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Molecular basis for the regulation of human glycogen synthase by phosphorylation and glucose-6-phosphate Open
Glycogen synthase (GYS1) is the central enzyme in muscle glycogen biosynthesis. GYS1 activity is inhibited by phosphorylation of its amino (N) and carboxyl (C) termini, which is relieved by allosteric activation of glucose-6-phosphate (Glc…
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Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency. Report of 12 New Cases Open
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI, EC 5.3.1.9) is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, the second reaction step of glycolysis. GPI deficiency, transmitted as an autos…
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Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Regulates Hepatic Bile Acid Synthesis in Mice Open
It is well established that, besides facilitating lipid absorption, bile acids act as signaling molecules that modulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Bile acid metabolism, in turn, is controlled by several nutrient‐sensitive transcription …
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Allosteric Activation of Escherichia coli Glucosamine-6-Phosphate Deaminase (NagB) <i>In Vivo</i> Justified by Intracellular Amino Sugar Metabolite Concentrations Open
We have investigated the impact of growth on glucosamine (GlcN) and N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on cellular metabolism by quantifying glycolytic metabolites in Escherichia coli . Growth on GlcNAc increased intracellular pools of both Glc…
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Homeostasis and the glycogen shunt explains aerobic ethanol production in yeast Open
Significance The molecular explanation for lactate or ethanol production by cells under aerobic conditions has remained a puzzle since first identified by Otto Warburg almost a century ago. To address this question, we reanalyzed 13 C NMR …
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Stabilization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase oligomers enhances catalytic activity and stability of clinical variants Open
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic trait that can cause hemolytic anemia. To date, over 150 nonsynonymous mutations have been identified in G6PD, with pathogenic mutations clustering near the dimer and/or tetr…
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Kinetic Trans-omic Analysis Reveals Key Regulatory Mechanisms for Insulin-Regulated Glucose Metabolism in Adipocytes Open
Insulin regulates glucose metabolism through thousands of regulatory mechanisms; however, which regulatory mechanisms are keys to control glucose metabolism remains unknown. Here, we performed kinetic trans-omic analysis by integrating iso…
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Common and divergent features of galactose-1-phosphate and fructose-1-phosphate toxicity in yeast Open
Toxicity resulting from accumulation of sugar-phosphate molecules is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, observed in multiple bacterial and eukaryotic systems, including a number of human diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms inv…
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Biophysical and functional properties of purified glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Open
Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (G6PC1) plays a critical role in hepatic glucose production during fasting by mediating the terminal step of the gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis pathways. In concert with accessory transport pro…
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Attenuation of Hemolysis Due to Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency With Ketogenic Diet – A Case Report Open
This case report describes the clinical course of a patient with glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency, chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA) and intractable seizures who demonstrated a dramatic resolution of seizures and…
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Role of Glucose-6-Phosphate in Metabolic Adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus in Diabetes Open
Sugars are essential nutrients for S. aureus to survive and proliferate within the host. Because elevated serum glucose levels are a hallmark of diabetes, most studies have focused on the effect of glucose metabolism, and very little is kn…
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Structural and biochemical evidence of the glucose 6-phosphate-allosteric site of maize C4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: its importance in the overall enzyme kinetics Open
Activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) enzymes by glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and other phospho-sugars is of major physiological relevance. Previous kinetic, site-directed mutagenesis and crystallographic results are consistent…
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Novel mutation in hexokinase 2 confers resistance to 2-deoxyglucose by altering protein dynamics Open
Glucose is central to many biological processes, serving as an energy source and a building block for biosynthesis. After glucose enters the cell, hexokinases convert it to glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6P) for use in anaerobic fermentation, ae…
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Hexokinase 2: The preferential target of trehalose‐6‐phosphate over hexokinase 1 Open
Cancer‐related metabolic features are in part maintained by hexokinase 2 upregulation, which leads to high levels of glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) and is needed to provide energy and biomass to support rapid proliferation. Using a humanized mo…
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Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Quantification of 13C-Labeling in Sugars Open
Subcellular compartmentation has been challenging in plant 13C-metabolic flux analysis. Indeed, plant cells are highly compartmented: they contain vacuoles and plastids in addition to the regular organelles found in other eukaryotes. The d…
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Supply and consumption of glucose 6-phosphate in the chloroplast stroma Open
Fructose 6-phosphate is an intermediate in the Calvin-Benson cycle and can be acted on by phosphoglucoisomerase to make glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) for starch synthesis. A high concentration of G6P is favorable for starch synthesis but can a…
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Mapping of a Regulatory Site of the Escherichia coli ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Open
The enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADP-Glc PPase) controls the biosynthesis of glycogen in bacteria and starch in plants. It is regulated by various activators in different organisms according to their metabolic characteristics. In …
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A Mouse Model of Glycogen Storage Disease Type IX-Beta: A Role for Phkb in Glycogenolysis Open
Glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD-IX) constitutes nearly a quarter of all GSDs. This ketotic form of GSD is caused by mutations in phosphorylase kinase (PhK), which is composed of four subunits (α, β, γ, δ). PhK is required for the act…
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Sources of hepatic glycogen synthesis in mice fed with glucose or fructose as the sole dietary carbohydrate Open
Purpose The positional analysis of hepatic glycogen enrichment from deuterated water ( 2 H 2 O) by 2 H NMR has been applied previously to resolve the contributions of glucose and fructose to glycogen synthesis in rodents fed a high sucrose…