Furosemide ≈ Furosemide
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Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre pilot study on the effects of empagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (EMPA‐RESPONSE‐AHF) Open
Aims Inhibition of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) reduces the risk of death and heart failure (HF) admissions in patients with chronic HF. However, safety and clinical efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with acute decompensa…
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Empagliflozin in Heart Failure Open
Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors improve heart failure–related outcomes. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are not well understood, but diuretic properties may contribute. Traditional diuretics such as furosemid…
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Worsening Renal Function in Patients With Acute Heart Failure Undergoing Aggressive Diuresis Is Not Associated With Tubular Injury Open
Background: Worsening renal function (WRF) in the setting of aggressive diuresis for acute heart failure treatment may reflect renal tubular injury or simply indicate a hemodynamic or functional change in glomerular filtration. Well-valida…
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Furosemide Stress Test and Biomarkers for the Prediction of AKI Severity Open
Clinicians have access to limited tools that predict which patients with early AKI will progress to more severe stages. In early AKI, urine output after a furosemide stress test (FST), which involves intravenous administration of furosemid…
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Combining loop with thiazide diuretics for decompensated heart failure: the CLOROTIC trial Open
Aims To evaluate whether the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) to intravenous furosemide is a safe and effective strategy for improving diuretic response in acute heart failure (AHF). Methods and results A prospective, double-blind, p…
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Renal and Cardiovascular Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition in Combination With Loop Diuretics in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Heart Failure Open
Background: SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors improve heart failure–associated outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with heart failure, SGLT2 inhibitors will likely be coprescribed with a loop diuretic, bu…
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Effects of Early Empagliflozin Initiation on Diuresis and Kidney Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (EMPAG-HF) Open
Background: Effective diuretic regimens using loop diuretics in patients with acute decompensated heart failure are often limited by the development of worsening kidney function. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors induce glucosuria …
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Loop Diuretics in Clinical Practice Open
Diuretics are commonly used to control edema across various clinical fields. Diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption in specific renal tubules, resulting in increased urinary sodium and water excretion. Loop diuretics are the most potent diu…
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Impact of empagliflozin on decongestion in acute heart failure: the EMPULSE trial Open
Aims Effective and safe decongestion remains a major goal for optimal management of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The effects of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin on decongestion-related endpoints in the…
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Reduced loop diuretic use in patients taking sacubitril/valsartan compared with enalapril: the PARADIGM‐HF trial Open
Aims To assess differences in diuretic dose requirements in patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan compared with enalapril in the Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart F…
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Hypochloremia and Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure Open
Background— Recent epidemiological studies have implicated chloride, rather than sodium, as the driver of poor survival previously attributed to hyponatremia in heart failure. Accumulating basic science evidence has identified chloride as …
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Effect of Torsemide vs Furosemide After Discharge on All-Cause Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure Open
Importance Although furosemide is the most commonly used loop diuretic in patients with heart failure, some studies suggest a potential benefit for torsemide. Objective To determine whether torsemide results in decreased mortality compared…
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Pathophysiology of Diuretic Resistance and Its Implications for the Management of Chronic Heart Failure Open
Diuretic resistance implies a failure to increase fluid and sodium (Na + ) output sufficiently to relieve volume overload, edema, or congestion, despite escalating doses of a loop diuretic to a ceiling level (80 mg of furosemide once or tw…
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Treatment and Prevention of Heat-Related Illness Open
A 71-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and schizoaffective disorder presents to the emergency department with confusion.On the day of presentation, he was seen walking near his apartment comp…
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Loop diuretics, renal function and clinical outcome in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction Open
Aim We aimed to study the relationships of loop diuretic dose with renal function and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure ( HF ). Methods and results Loop diuretic dose at baseline was recorded in patients included in …
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Diuretic Dose and NYHA Functional Class Are Independent Predictors of Mortality in Patients With Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Open
Diuretic dose and NYHA functional class are independent predictors of mortality in ATTR-CM patients and provide incremental value to existing ATTR-CM risk scores.
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Modelling of controlled drug release in gastrointestinal tract simulation Open
The drug release system is a process in which a bioactive substance discharged from a drug product and enters the process of absorption, distribution and metabolism to deliver its pharmacological action. The drug release is maintained at a…
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2024 update in heart failure Open
In the last years, major progress has occurred in heart failure (HF) management. The 2023 ESC focused update of the 2021 HF guidelines introduced new key recommendations based on the results of the last years of science. First, two drugs, …
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Randomized pilot trial comparing tolvaptan with furosemide on renal and neurohumoral effects in acute heart failure Open
Aims Loop diuretics are first‐line medications for congestive heart failure (CHF); however, they are associated with serious adverse effects, including decreased renal function, and sympathetic nervous and renin–angiotensin system activati…
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Outcomes Associated With a Strategy of Adjuvant Metolazone or High‐Dose Loop Diuretics in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Propensity Analysis Open
Background In acute decompensated heart failure, guidelines recommend increasing loop diuretic dose or adding a thiazide diuretic when diuresis is inadequate. We set out to determine the adverse events associated with a diuretic strategy r…
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The ClC-K2 Chloride Channel Is Critical for Salt Handling in the Distal Nephron Open
Chloride transport by the renal tubule is critical for blood pressure (BP), acid-base, and potassium homeostasis. Chloride uptake from the urinary fluid is mediated by various apical transporters, whereas basolateral chloride exit is thoug…
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Compensatory Distal Reabsorption Drives Diuretic Resistance in Human Heart Failure Open
Understanding the tubular location of diuretic resistance (DR) in heart failure (HF) is critical to developing targeted treatment strategies. Rodents chronically administered loop diuretics develop DR due to compensatory distal tubular sod…
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Serial assessment of spot urine sodium predicts effectiveness of decongestion and outcome in patients with acute heart failure Open
Aims The clinical significance of the measurement of urine sodium concentration (UNa + ) in response to loop diuretic administration in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is still unsettled. We studied the association of serial measur…
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Reduction of cortical oxygenation in chronic kidney disease: evidence obtained with a new analysis method of blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging Open
Background Determinations of renal oxygenation by blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have given heterogeneous results, possibly due to the lack of a reproducible…
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Essential role of Kir5.1 channels in renal salt handling and blood pressure control Open
Supplementing diets with high potassium helps reduce hypertension in humans. Inwardly rectifying K+ channels Kir4.1 (Kcnj10) and Kir5.1 (Kcnj16) are highly expressed in the basolateral membrane of distal renal tubules and contribute to Na+…
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23Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lower Leg of Acute Heart Failure Patients during Diuretic Treatment Open
23Na-MRI shows accumulation of Na+ in muscle and skin in patients with acute heart failure. Diuretic treatment can mobilize this Na+-deposition; however, contrary to expectations, water and Na+-mobilization are poorly correlated.
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Dapagliflozin vs. metolazone in heart failure resistant to loop diuretics Open
Background and Aims To examine the decongestive effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin compared to the thiazide-like diuretic metolazone in patients hospitalized for heart failure and resistant to treatment wi…
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Micellisation Mechanism and Behaviour of Soluplus®–Furosemide Micelles: Preformulation Studies of an Oral Nanocarrier-Based System Open
In this study, self-assembling Soluplus® micelles were examined for inherent properties. Through calorimetric analysis, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) could be determined at 25 and 37 °C, and the influence of three media (Milli-Q…
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Vitamin D deficiency in elderly: Risk factors and drugs impact on vitamin D status Open
Introduction: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a major public health problem worldwide. In spite of its high prevalence, particularly among elderly people, VD deficiency is still underestimated by many physicians. Increasingly, VD deficiency i…
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Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism Open
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension (HTN), with an estimated prevalence of 4% of hypertensive patients in primary care and around 10% of referred patients. Patients with PA have higher cardiovascula…