Galvanic vestibular stimulation
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Galvanic vestibular stimulation: from basic concepts to clinical applications Open
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) plays an important role in the quest to understand sensory signal processing in the vestibular system under normal and pathological conditions. It has become a highly relevant tool to probe neuronal co…
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Influence of bone-conducted vibration on simulator sickness in virtual reality Open
Use of virtual reality (VR) technology is often accompanied by a series of unwanted symptoms, including nausea and headache, which are characterised as 'simulator sickness'. Sensory mismatch has been thought to lie at the heart of the prob…
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Sustained and Transient Vestibular Systems: A Physiological Basis for Interpreting Vestibular Function Open
Otolithic afferents with regular resting discharge respond to gravity or low-frequency linear accelerations, and we term these the static or sustained otolithic system. However, in the otolithic sense organs, there is anatomical differenti…
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The Skull Vibration-Induced Nystagmus Test of Vestibular Function—A Review Open
A 100-Hz bone-conducted vibration applied to either mastoid induces instantaneously a predominantly horizontal nystagmus, with quick phases beating away from the affected side in patients with a unilateral vestibular loss (UVL). The same s…
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Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation: Cellular Substrates and Response Patterns of Neurons in the Vestibulo-Ocular Network Open
Galvanic vestibular stimulation is used frequently in clinical practice to test the functionality of the sense of balance. The outcome of the test that relies on the activation of eye movements by electrical stimulation of vestibular organ…
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Vestibular Functions and Parkinson's Disease Open
For decades it has been speculated that Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with dysfunction of the vestibular system, especially given that postural instability is one of the major symptoms of the disorder. Nonetheless, clear evidence …
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Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Sustainably Improves Posture in Bilateral Vestibulopathy Open
Patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) suffer from persistent postural imbalance, leading to a marked decrease in quality of life and a higher risk of falls. However, so far, the effective treatments for BV are very limited. We examin…
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Complementary mechanisms for upright balance during walking Open
Lateral balance is a critical factor in keeping the human body upright during walking. Two important mechanisms for balance control are the stepping strategy, in which the foot placement is changed in the direction of a sensed fall to modu…
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Sensory reweighting dynamics following removal and addition of visual and proprioceptive cues Open
Removing or adding sensory cues from one sensory system during standing balance causes a change in the contribution of the remaining sensory systems, a process referred to as sensory reweighting. While reweighting changes have been describ…
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Using low levels of stochastic vestibular stimulation to improve locomotor stability Open
Low levels of bipolar binaural white noise based imperceptible stochastic electrical stimulation to the vestibular system (stochastic vestibular stimulation, SVS) have been shown to improve stability during balance tasks in normal, healthy…
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Noisy Galvanic Stimulation Improves Roll-Tilt Vestibular Perception in Healthy Subjects Open
It has recently been demonstrated that noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) delivered as imperceptible white noise can improve balance control via the induction of stochastic resonance. However, it is unclear whether these balance …
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Four-pole galvanic vestibular stimulation causes body sway about three axes Open
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be applied to induce the feeling of directional virtual head motion by stimulating the vestibular organs electrically. Conventional studies used a two-pole GVS, in which electrodes are placed behin…
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Balancing body ownership: Visual capture of proprioception and affectivity during vestibular stimulation Open
The experience of our body as our own (i.e. body ownership) involves integrating different sensory signals according to their contextual relevance (i.e. multisensory integration). Until recently, most studies of multisensory integration an…
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Electrical Vestibular Stimulation in Humans: A Narrative Review Open
Background: In patients with bilateral vestibulopathy, the regular treatment options, such as medication, surgery, and/or vestibular rehabilitation, do not always suffice. Therefore, the focus in this field of vestibular research shifted t…
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Vection Latency Is Reduced by Bone-Conducted Vibration and Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Open
Studies of the illusory sense of self-motion elicited by a moving visual surround (‘vection’) have revealed key insights about how sensory information is integrated. Vection usually occurs after a delay of several seconds following visual …
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Multisensory Interactions between Vestibular, Visual and Somatosensory Signals Open
Vestibular inputs are constantly processed and integrated with signals from other sensory modalities, such as vision and touch. The multiply-connected nature of vestibular cortical anatomy led us to investigate whether vestibular signals c…
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Can Postural Instability Respond to Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease? Open
The mechanism of postural instability is complex and not completely understood. In 2 out of the 5 patients, postural instability was not changed in response to GVS. Nonetheless, the GVS-induced change in postural instability for 3 patients…
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Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) Augments Deficient Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) Connectivity in Mild Parkinson's Disease: fMRI Effects of Different Stimuli Open
Falls and balance difficulties remain a major source of morbidity in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and are stubbornly resistant to therapeutic interventions. The mechanisms of gait impairment in PD are incompletely understood but may involve ch…
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The modulation of hippocampal theta rhythm by the vestibular system Open
The vestibular system is a sensory system that has evolved over millions of years to detect acceleration of the head, both rotational and translational, in three dimensions. One of its most important functions is to stabilize gaze during u…
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Gain and phase of perceived virtual rotation evoked by electrical vestibular stimuli Open
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) evokes a perception of rotation; however, very few quantitative data exist on the matter. We performed psychophysical experiments on virtual rotations experienced when binaural bipolar electrical stimu…
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The Vestibular-Evoked Postural Response of Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis Is Altered Open
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a multifactorial disorder including neurological factors. A dysfunction of the sensorimotor networks processing vestibular information could be related to spine deformation. This study investigates whethe…
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Full-body ownership illusion elicited by visuo-vestibular integration. Open
Vestibular signals allow us to maintain balance and orient ourselves in space. However, the possible contribution of the vestibular sense to the perception of the body as one's own (body ownership) remains poorly understood. The aim of the…
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Vestibular Modulation of Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Muscle and Skin in Humans Open
We review the existence of vestibulosympathetic reflexes in humans. While several methods to activate the human vestibular apparatus have been used, galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a means of selectively modulating vestibular affe…
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Vestibular attenuation to random-waveform galvanic vestibular stimulation during standing and treadmill walking Open
The ability to move and maintain posture is critically dependent on motion and orientation information provided by the vestibular system. When this system delivers noisy or erred information it can, in some cases, be attenuated through hab…
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Critical Role of Somatosensation in Postural Control Following Spaceflight: Vestibularly Deficient Astronauts Are Not Able to Maintain Upright Stance During Compromised Somatosensation Open
The free-fall of orbital spaceflight effectively removes the gravitational vector used as a primary spatial orientation reference on Earth. Sustained absence of this reference drives adaptive changes in the internal perception-action model…
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Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Upper and Lower Extremities Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease Open
As a neurodegenerative movement disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and balance and postural impairments. While the main cause of PD is still not cl…
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Can explicit visual feedback of postural sway efface the effects of sensory manipulations on mediolateral balance performance? Open
Explicit visual feedback on postural sway is often used in balance assessment and training. However, up-weighting of visual information may mask impairments of other sensory systems. We therefore aimed to determine whether the effects of s…
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Multifaceted effects of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation on manual tracking behavior in Parkinson’s disease Open
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is characterized clinically by slowness of movement, rigidity, tremor, postural instability, and often cognitive impairments. Recent studies have demonstrated altered c…
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Effect of Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Ocular Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials to Bone-Conducted Vibration Open
Noisy GVS can increase the amplitude of oVEMPs to BCV in healthy subjects probably via stochastic resonance. The results of the present study suggest that noisy GVS may improve static and dynamic postural stability by enhancing the functio…
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Questioning the lasting effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on postural control Open
Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) has been shown to enhance postural stability during stimulation, and the enhancing effect has been observed to persist for several hours post-stimulation. However, these effects were observed wi…