Ossicles ≈ Ossicles
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Diversity in Fish Auditory Systems: One of the Riddles of Sensory Biology Open
An astonishing diversity of inner ears and accessory hearing structures (AHS) that can enhance hearing has evolved in fishes. Inner ears mainly differ in the size of the otolith end organs, the shape and orientation of the sensory epitheli…
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Surgical anatomy and pathology of the middle ear Open
Middle ear surgery is strongly influenced by anatomical and functional characteristics of the middle ear. The complex anatomy means a challenge for the otosurgeon who moves between preservation or improvement of highly important functions …
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Accessory Ossicles of the Foot and Ankle: Disorders and a Review of the Literature Open
Accessory ossicles of the foot and ankle are normal variants of bone development that usually remain asymptomatic. However, they may be involved in various disorders and become a source of pain such as in fractures, dislocations, degenerat…
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Structure and function of the mammalian middle ear. II: Inferring function from structure Open
Anatomists and zoologists who study middle ear morphology are often interested to know what the structure of an ear can reveal about the auditory acuity and hearing range of the animal in question. This paper represents an introduction to …
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Fully automated preoperative segmentation of temporal bone structures from clinical CT scans Open
Middle- and inner-ear surgery is a vital treatment option in hearing loss, infections, and tumors of the lateral skull base. Segmentation of otologic structures from computed tomography (CT) has many potential applications for improving su…
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Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro‐CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples Open
A multitude of morphological aspects of the human middle ear (ME) were studied qualitatively and/or quantitatively through the postprocessing and interpretation of micro‐CT (micro X‐ray computed tomography) data of six human temporal bones…
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Human auditory ossicles as an alternative optimal source of ancient DNA Open
DNA recovery from ancient human remains has revolutionized our ability to reconstruct the genetic landscape of the past. Ancient DNA research has benefited from the identification of skeletal elements, such as the cochlear part of the osse…
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A new developmental mechanism for the separation of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the jaw Open
Multiple mammalian lineages independently evolved a definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) through breakdown of Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, the cellular and molecular drivers of this evolutionary transition remain unknown for most ma…
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Early bone tissue aging in human auditory ossicles is accompanied by excessive hypermineralization, osteocyte death and micropetrosis Open
Within the mineralized bone, osteocytes form a multifunctional mechanosensitive network orchestrating bone remodelling. A preserved osteocyte population is a crucial determinant of bone quality. In human auditory ossicles, the early decrea…
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Body wall structure in the starfish <i>Asterias rubens</i> Open
The body wall of starfish is composed of magnesium calcite ossicles connected by collagenous tissue and muscles and it exhibits remarkable variability in stiffness, which is attributed to the mechanical mutability of the collagenous compon…
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Morphology and function of Neandertal and modern human ear ossicles Open
Significance Middle ear ossicles are critical for audition and rarely preserved in fossils. Based on microcomputed tomography images, our comparative 3D shape analysis of Neandertal ossicles shows striking shape differences between Neander…
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Direct Age Determination of a Subtropical Freshwater Crayfish (Redclaw, Cherax quadricarinatus) Using Ossicular Growth Marks Open
Recent studies have reported that crustacean age determination is possible. We applied a direct ageing method (i.e. transverse cross sectioning of gastric ossicles) to a subtropical freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) sourced from…
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The Prevalence of Accessory Ossicles, Sesamoid Bones, and Biphalangism of the Foot and Ankle: A Radiographic Study Open
Background: Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not well underst…
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Early development of the malleus and incus in humans Open
It is widely accepted by developmental biologists that the malleus and incus of the mammalian middle ear are first pharyngeal arch derivatives, a contention based originally on classical embryology that has now been backed up by molecular …
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Prevalence of Accessory Bones and Tarsal Coalitions Based on Radiographic Findings in a Healthy, Asymptomatic Population Open
The prevalence of accessory bones and tarsal coalitions in the healthy, asymptomatic Korean population showed some variation according to age and sex.
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Comparative anatomy of the bony labyrinth of extant and extinct porpoises (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) Open
The inner ear anatomy of cetaceans, now more readily accessible by means of nondestructive high-resolution X-ray computed tomographic (CT) scanning, provides a window into their acoustic abilities and ecological preferences. Inner ear laby…
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Human umbilical cord blood-borne fibroblasts contain marrow niche precursors that form a bone/marrow organoid <i>in vivo</i> Open
Human umbilical cord blood (CB) has attracted much attention as a reservoir for functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and, recently, as a source of blood-borne fibroblasts (CB-BFs). Previously, we demonstrated that bone marro…
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Human ossicular-joint flexibility transforms the peak amplitude and width of impulsive acoustic stimuli Open
The role of the ossicular joints in the mammalian middle ear is still debated. This work tests the hypothesis that the two synovial joints filter potentially damaging impulsive stimuli by transforming both the peak amplitude and width of t…
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Adenomatous Tumors of the Middle Ear: A Literature Review Open
Introduction Neuroendocrine adenomas of the middle ear (NAME) are uncommon causes of middle ear masses. Mostly limited to case reports and small series, the literature is poor in providing an overall assessment of these tumors. Objective T…
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Geometric and Morphometric Analysis of the Auditory Ossicles in the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Open
The use of carnivores as experimental models in auditory biology has led to a significant improvement regarding our understanding of the structure and function of the ear. Considering that data regarding the anatomy of the middle ear in th…
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Optical coherence tomography system requirements for clinical diagnostic middle ear imaging Open
Noninvasive middle ear imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT) presents some unique challenges for real-time, clinical use in humans. We present results from a two-dimensional/three-dimensional OCT system built to assess the imagi…
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The Audiometric and Mechanical Effects of Partial Ossicular Discontinuity Open
The clinical and experimental findings suggest that when encountering larger ABGs at high frequencies when compared with low frequencies, partial ossicular discontinuity should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Complex Evolutionary and Genetic Patterns Characterize the Loss of Scleral Ossification in the Blind Cavefish Astyanax mexicanus Open
The sclera is the tough outer covering of the eye that provides structural support and helps maintain intraocular pressure. In some fishes, reptiles, and birds, the sclera is reinforced with an additional ring of hyaline cartilage or bone …
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Mapping the phase and amplitude of ossicular chain motion using sound-synchronous optical coherence vibrography Open
The sound-driven vibration of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of middle-ear bones is fundamental to hearing. Here we show that optical coherence tomography in phase synchrony with a sound stimulus is well suited for volumetric, v…
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Morphological Variations of Middle Ear Ossicles and its Clinical Implications Open
It is expected that this work may also inspire many others to continue temporal bone dissection with a view to gather more ossicles which might be preserved in ossicular banks by following proper sterilization methods for future use as hom…
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Ultra-high matrix mineralization of sperm whale auditory ossicles facilitates high sound pressure and high-frequency underwater hearing Open
The auditory ossicles—malleus, incus and stapes—are the smallest bones in mammalian bodies and enable stable sound transmission to the inner ear. Sperm whales are one of the deepest diving aquatic mammals that produce and perceive sounds w…
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Development of the Human Incus With Special Reference to the Detachment From the Chondrocranium to be Transferred into the Middle Ear Open
The mammalian middle ear represents one of the most fundamental features defining this class of vertebrates. However, the origin and the developmental process of the incus in the human remains controversial. The present study seeks to demo…
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A comparative study on auditory and hyoid bones of Jurassic euharamiyidans and contrasting evidence for mammalian middle ear evolution Open
The holotypes of euharamiyidan Arboroharamiya allinhopsoni and Arboroharamiya jenkinsi preserve the auditory and hyoid bones, respectively. With additional structures revealed by micro‐computerized tomography ( CT ) and X‐ray micro‐compute…
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Hypermineralization of Hearing-Related Bones by a Specific Osteoblast Subtype Open
Auditory ossicles in the middle ear and bony labyrinth of the inner ear are highly mineralized in adult mammals. Cellular mechanisms underlying formation of dense bone during development are unknown. Here, we found that osteoblast-like cel…
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Ossicular Chain Lesions in Tympanic Perforations and Chronic Otitis Media without Cholesteatoma Open
OBJECTIVE: The first aim was to determine the prevalence, kind, and functional effects on hearing of ossicular chain suffering (OCS) in chronic otitis without cholesteatoma (NCOM) and tympanic perforations (TP). The second aim was to corre…