Microstimulation
View article
A brain-computer interface that evokes tactile sensations improves robotic arm control Open
A boost for brain–computer interfaces The finely controlled movement of our limbs requires two-way neuronal communication between the brain and the body periphery. This includes afferent information from muscles, joints, and skin, as well …
View article
Intraneural stimulation elicits discrimination of textural features by artificial fingertip in intact and amputee humans Open
Restoration of touch after hand amputation is a desirable feature of ideal prostheses. Here, we show that texture discrimination can be artificially provided in human subjects by implementing a neuromorphic real-time mechano-neuro-transduc…
View article
Proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations in humans elicited by intracortical microstimulation Open
Pioneering work with nonhuman primates and recent human studies established intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as a method of inducing discriminable artificial sensation. However, these artificial se…
View article
Targeted, activity-dependent spinal stimulation produces long-lasting motor recovery in chronic cervical spinal cord injury Open
Significance This study describes a new strategy for enhancing motor recovery after neurological injury. Using a recurrent neural–computer interface, we attempt to facilitate and direct functionally relevant activity-dependent neural plast…
View article
Perirhinal input to neocortical layer 1 controls learning Open
Memory consolidation in the neocortex Information transfer between brain structures located in the medial-temporal lobe and the neocortex is essential for learning. However, the neuronal underpinnings of this transfer are unknown. Doron et…
View article
Corticofugal modulation of peripheral auditory responses Open
The auditory efferent system originates in the auditory cortex and projects to the medial geniculate body (MGB), inferior colliculus (IC), cochlear nucleus (CN) and superior olivary complex (SOC) reaching the cochlea through olivocochlear …
View article
The effect of face patch microstimulation on perception of faces and objects Open
What is the range of stimuli encoded by face-selective regions of the brain? We asked how electrical microstimulation of face patches in macaque inferotemporal cortex affects perception of faces and objects. We found that microstimulation …
View article
Behavioral assessment of sensitivity to intracortical microstimulation of primate somatosensory cortex Open
Significance Electrical stimulation of sensory structures in the brain is a powerful tool to investigate neural circuits and may provide a means to restore sensation for patients for whom stimulation of the nerve is not an option. For both…
View article
Theta-burst microstimulation in the human entorhinal area improves memory specificity Open
The hippocampus is critical for episodic memory, and synaptic changes induced by long-term potentiation (LTP) are thought to underlie memory formation. In rodents, hippocampal LTP may be induced through electrical stimulation of the perfor…
View article
Selective Modulation of the Pupil Light Reflex by Microstimulation of Prefrontal Cortex Open
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to flexibly regulate sensorimotor responses, perhaps through modulating activity in other circuits. However, the scope of that control remains unknown: it remains unclear whether the PFC can modulate …
View article
Posterior Parietal Cortex Drives Inferotemporal Activations During Three-Dimensional Object Vision Open
The primate visual system consists of a ventral stream, specialized for object recognition, and a dorsal visual stream, which is crucial for spatial vision and actions. However, little is known about the interactions and information flow b…
View article
Cerebellar Roles in Self-Timing for Sub- and Supra-Second Intervals Open
Previous studies suggest that the cerebellum and basal ganglia are involved in sub-second and supra-second timing, respectively. To test this hypothesis at the cellular level, we examined the activity of single neurons in the cerebellar de…
View article
Focal optogenetic suppression in macaque area MT biases direction discrimination and decision confidence, but only transiently Open
Insights from causal manipulations of brain activity depend on targeting the spatial and temporal scales most relevant for behavior. Using a sensitive perceptual decision task in monkeys, we examined the effects of rapid, reversible inacti…
View article
Perception of microstimulation frequency in human somatosensory cortex Open
Microstimulation in the somatosensory cortex can evoke artificial tactile percepts and can be incorporated into bidirectional brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) to restore function after injury or disease. However, little is known about how …
View article
The caudate nucleus contributes causally to decisions that balance reward and uncertain visual information Open
Our decisions often balance what we observe and what we desire. A prime candidate for implementing this complex balancing act is the basal ganglia pathway, but its roles have not yet been examined experimentally in detail. Here, we show th…
View article
The effects of chronic intracortical microstimulation on neural tissue and fine motor behavior Open
Chronic ICMS may be a viable means to convey sensory feedback in neuroprostheses as it does not cause significant damage to the stimulated tissue.
View article
Cortical neurons multiplex reward-related signals along with sensory and motor information Open
Significance The ability to learn highly skilled movements may depend on the dopamine-related plasticity occurring in motor cortex, because the density of dopamine receptors—the reward sensor—increases in this area from rodents to primates…
View article
Intraspinal microstimulation produces over-ground walking in anesthetized cats Open
By activating inherent locomotor networks within the lumbosacral spinal cord, ISMS was capable of producing bilaterally coordinated and functional over-ground walking with current amplitudes <100 μA. These exciting results suggest that ISM…
View article
Effective Connectivity of Depth-Structure–Selective Patches in the Lateral Bank of the Macaque Intraparietal Sulcus Open
Extrastriate cortical areas are frequently composed of subpopulations of neurons encoding specific features or stimuli, such as color, disparity, or faces, and patches of neurons encoding similar stimulus properties are typically embedded …
View article
Electrode Materials for Chronic Electrical Microstimulation Open
Electrical microstimulation has enabled partial restoration of vision, hearing, movement, somatosensation, as well as improving organ functions by electrically modulating neural activities. However, chronic microstimulation is faced with n…
View article
Visual Experience Is Required for the Development of Eye Movement Maps in the Mouse Superior Colliculus Open
Topographic maps are a fundamental feature of the brain's representations of the sensory environment as well as an efficient way to organize motor control networks. Although great progress has been made in our understanding of sensory map …
View article
Distributed Motor Control of Limb Movements in Rat Motor and Somatosensory Cortex: The Sensorimotor Amalgam Revisited Open
Which areas of the neocortex are involved in the control of movement, and how is motor cortex organized across species? Recent studies using long-train intracortical microstimulation demonstrate that in addition to M1, movements can be eli…
View article
Ingestible transiently anchoring electronics for microstimulation and conductive signaling Open
An ingestible device injects probes into stomach tissue for electrical stimulation and potential treatment of gastroparesis.
View article
Electrical Microstimulation of the Pulvinar Biases Saccade Choices and Reaction Times in a Time-Dependent Manner Open
The pulvinar complex is interconnected extensively with brain regions involved in spatial processing and eye movement control. Recent inactivation studies have shown that the dorsal pulvinar (dPul) plays a role in saccade target selection;…
View article
Freely Behaving Mice Can Brake and Turn During Optogenetic Stimulation of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Open
A key function of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is to control the speed of forward symmetrical locomotor movements. However, the ability of freely moving mammals to integrate environmental cues to brake and turn during MLR stimu…
View article
Transient Pupil Dilation after Subsaccadic Microstimulation of Primate Frontal Eye Fields Open
Pupillometry provides a simple and noninvasive index for a variety of cognitive processes, including perception, attention, task consolidation, learning, and memory. The neural substrates by which such cognitive processes influence pupil d…
View article
Single-unit activity, threshold crossings, and local field potentials in motor cortex differentially encode reach kinematics Open
A diversity of signals can be recorded with extracellular electrodes. It remains unclear whether different signal types convey similar or different information and whether they capture the same or different underlying neural phenomena. Som…
View article
The frequency of cortical microstimulation shapes artificial touch Open
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the somatosensory cortex evokes vivid tactile sensations and can be used to convey sensory feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands. Changes in ICMS frequency lead to changes in the resulting sen…
View article
Artifact-free recordings in human bidirectional brain–computer interfaces Open
Intracortical microstimulation has shown promise as a means of evoking somatosensory percepts as part of a bidirectional brain-computer interface (BCI). However, microstimulation generates large electrical artifacts that dominate the recor…
View article
Electrical Identification and Selective Microstimulation of Neuronal Compartments Based on Features of Extracellular Action Potentials Open
A detailed, high-spatiotemporal-resolution characterization of neuronal responses to local electrical fields and the capability of precise extracellular microstimulation of selected neurons are pivotal for studying and manipulating neurona…