Intervention (counseling)
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Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand Open
The global impact of COVID-19 has been profound, and the public health threat it represents is the most serious seen in a respiratory virus since the 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Here we present the results of epidemiological modelling wh…
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The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015 Open
Since the year 2000, a concerted campaign against malaria has led to unprecedented levels of intervention coverage across sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the effect of this control effort is vital to inform future control planning. Howev…
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Symptom Monitoring With Patient-Reported Outcomes During Routine Cancer Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial Open
Purpose There is growing interest to enhance symptom monitoring during routine cancer care using patient-reported outcomes, but evidence of impact on clinical outcomes is limited. Methods We randomly assigned patients receiving routine out…
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Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease Open
Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events …
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Open
Progress has been made in understanding the genetic defects and the pathophysiology of this crippling motor neuron disease (commonly called Lou Gehrig's disease). However, this information has not yet led to a successful intervention that …
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Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile Health: Key Components and Design Principles for Ongoing Health Behavior Support Open
Background The just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) is an intervention design aiming to provide the right type/amount of support, at the right time, by adapting to an individual’s changing internal and contextual state. The availabil…
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Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium Open
Mucormycosis is a difficult to diagnose rare disease with high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is often delayed, and disease tends to progress rapidly. Urgent surgical and medical intervention is lifesaving. Guidance on the complex mult…
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Mindfulness Interventions Open
Mindfulness interventions aim to foster greater attention to and awareness of present moment experience. There has been a dramatic increase in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mindfulness interventions over the past two decades. This…
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Behind the Scenes: The Corporate Governance Preferences of Institutional Investors Open
We survey institutional investors to better understand their role in the corporate governance of firms. Consistent with a number of theories, we document widespread behind‐the‐scenes intervention as well as governance‐motivated exit. These…
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The Person-Based Approach to Intervention Development: Application to Digital Health-Related Behavior Change Interventions Open
This paper describes an approach that we have evolved for developing successful digital interventions to help people manage their health or illness. We refer to this as the "person-based" approach to highlight the focus on understanding an…
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Randomised controlled trials – the gold standard for effectiveness research Open
RCTs are prospective studies that measure the effectiveness of interventions. Although no study is likely on its own to prove causality, randomisation reduces bias and provides a rigorous tool to examine cause–effect relationships between …
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Reducing Inappropriate Polypharmacy Open
Inappropriate polypharmacy, especially in older people, imposes a substantial burden of adverse drug events, ill health, disability, hospitalization, and even death. The single most important predictor of inappropriate prescribing and risk…
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Guidelines for Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal, Pediatric, and Adult ICU Open
Objective: To provide clinicians with evidence-based strategies to optimize the support of the family of critically ill patients in the ICU. Methods: We used the Council of Medical Specialty Societies principles for the development of clin…
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Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms Open
CONTEXT: Physical activity can improve cognitive and mental health, but the underlying mechanisms have not been established. OBJECTIVE: To present a conceptual model explaining the mechanisms for the effect of physical activity on cognitiv…
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Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19 Open
Various mitigation measures have been implemented to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including widely adopted social distancing and mandated face covering. However, assessing the effectiveness of those intervention …
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Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: Empirically Validated Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder Open
Earlier autism diagnosis, the importance of early intervention, and development of specific interventions for young children have contributed to the emergence of similar, empirically supported, autism interventions that represent the mergi…
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Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community Open
Exercise programmes reduce the rate of falls and the number of people experiencing falls in older people living in the community (high-certainty evidence). The effects of such exercise programmes are uncertain for other non-falls outcomes.…
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MASCC/ISOO clinical practice guidelines for the management of mucositis secondary to cancer therapy Open
Background Mucositis is a significant toxicity of cancer therapy with numerous systemic sequelae. The goal of this systematic review was to update the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and International Society of Oral…
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Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation Open
We found evidence that the use of virtual reality and interactive video gaming was not more beneficial than conventional therapy approaches in improving upper limb function. Virtual reality may be beneficial in improving upper limb functio…
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Strategies for e-waste management: a literature review Open
During the last few decades, with the high-speed upgrade of electronic products, electronic waste (e-waste) has become one of the fastest growing wastes of the waste stream. In this context, more efforts and concerns have already been plac…
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Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation Open
The current evidence supports a beneficial impact of mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions on six-month cessation outcomes. While all studies were good quality, the fact that those studies with biochemical verification of quit…
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A taxonomy of behaviour change methods: an Intervention Mapping approach Open
In this paper, we introduce the Intervention Mapping (IM) taxonomy of behaviour change methods and its potential to be developed into a coding taxonomy. That is, although IM and its taxonomy of behaviour change methods are not in fact new,…
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Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment in preterm infants Open
Early intervention programmes for preterm infants have a positive influence on cognitive and motor outcomes during infancy, with cognitive benefits persisting into preschool age. A great deal of heterogeneity between studies was due to the…
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Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes Open
Given that the certainty of evidence from the included studies was judged to be low to very low, there is not sufficient evidence to draw clear conclusions on the effects of IPC interventions. Neverthess, due to the difficulties health pro…
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Intelligent Clinical Documentation: Harnessing Generative AI for Patient-Centric Clinical Note Generation Open
Comprehensive clinical documentation is crucial for effective healthcare delivery, yet it poses a significant burden on healthcare professionals, leading to burnout, increased medical errors, and compromised patient safety. This paper expl…
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2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Adultsa Open
These guidelines are intended for use by infectious disease specialists, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals who care for patients with native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO). They include evi…
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Agreed definitions and a shared vision for new standards in stroke recovery research: The Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable taskforce Open
The first Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable established a game changing set of new standards for stroke recovery research. Common language and definitions were required to develop an agreed framework spanning the four working g…
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Making sense of complexity in context and implementation: the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework Open
The CICI framework addresses and graphically presents context, implementation and setting in an integrated way. It aims at simplifying and structuring complexity in order to advance our understanding of whether and how interventions work. …
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A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health Open
There are no literature reviews that have examined the impact of health-domain interventions, informed by self-determination theory (SDT), on SDT constructs and health indices. Our aim was to meta-analyse such interventions in the health p…
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Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of news source quality Open
Significance Many people consume news via social media. It is therefore desirable to reduce social media users’ exposure to low-quality news content. One possible intervention is for social media ranking algorithms to show relatively less …