Endothelial dysfunction
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Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Potential Role in Cardiometabolic Disease in Children Open
The rising incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in adolescents and young adults is of grave concern. Recent studies favor a role of lifestyle factors over genetics in the perpetua…
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Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and the Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis Open
Dysfunction of the endothelial lining of lesion-prone areas of the arterial vasculature is an important contributor to the pathobiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Endothelial cell dysfunction, in its broadest sense, encompa…
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The Central Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiorenal Syndrome Open
Background: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has emerged as a critical process in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). The concept that ED is closely linked with cardiac and renal dysfunction has become an important target for CRS-related research and …
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Recent insights into the cellular biology of atherosclerosis Open
Atherosclerosis occurs in the subendothelial space (intima) of medium-sized arteries at regions of disturbed blood flow and is triggered by an interplay between endothelial dysfunction and subendothelial lipoprotein retention. Over time, t…
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Phenotype-Specific Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Open
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF; HFpEF) accounts for 50% of HF cases, and its prevalence relative to HF with reduced EF continues to rise. In contrast to HF with reduced EF, large trials testing neurohumoral inhibit…
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Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Still a Therapeutic Target? Open
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are complex entities with heterogenous pathophysiologic mechanisms and increased oxidative stress has been viewed as one of the potential common etiologies. A fine balance between the presence of reactive oxyg…
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Mechanisms of Vascular Aging Open
Aging of the vasculature plays a central role in morbidity and mortality of older people. To develop novel treatments for amelioration of unsuccessful vascular aging and prevention of age-related vascular pathologies, it is essential to un…
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Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis Open
Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipid…
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Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease Open
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality of life, proven by the latest data of the Global Burden of Disease Study, and is only gaining in prevalence worldwide. Clinical trials have identified chronic inflammat…
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Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Open
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis.…
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Mechanisms of Dysfunction in the Aging Vasculature and Role in Age-Related Disease Open
Advancing age promotes cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and many developed nations. Two major age-related arterial phenotypes, large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction, are in…
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The Endothelium in Sepsis Open
Sepsis affects practically all aspects of endothelial cell (EC) function and is thought to be the key factor in the progression from sepsis to organ failure. Endothelial functions affected by sepsis include vasoregulation, barrier function…
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Endothelial cation channel PIEZO1 controls blood pressure by mediating flow-induced ATP release Open
Arterial blood pressure is controlled by vasodilatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO) that are released from the endothelium under the influence of fluid shear stress exerted by flowing blood. Flow-induced endothelial release of ATP and …
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Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives atherosclerosis progression Open
The molecular mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions have not been fully established. Here, we investigated the role played by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and its key regulat…
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Clinical diabetic cardiomyopathy: a two-faced disease with restrictive and dilated phenotypes Open
Diabetes mellitus-related cardiomyopathy (DMCMP) was originally described as a dilated phenotype with eccentric left ventricular (LV) remodelling and systolic LV dysfunction. Recently however, clinical studies on DMCMP mainly describe a re…
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Macro‐ and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes Open
Endothelial cells, as well as their major products nitric oxide ( NO ) and prostacyclin, play a key role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes‐induced …
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The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
In severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, emerging data including recent histopathological studies have emphasized the crucial role of endothelial cells (ECs) in vascular dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and inflammation. Histopathological studies ha…
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Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Link Between Inflammation and Hydrogen Sulfide Open
Endothelial cells are important constituents of blood vessels that play critical roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating blood fluidity and fibrinolysis, vascular tone, angiogenesis, monocyte/leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggr…
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Obesity, Hypertension, and Cardiac Dysfunction Open
Obesity and hypertension, which often coexist, are major risk factors for heart failure and are characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, which promotes adverse cardiac remodeling. While macrophages play a key role in cardiac remod…
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Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches Open
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammatory activation and dysfunction of the endothelium are key events in the development and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and are assoc…
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Measurement and Clinical Significance of Lipid Peroxidation as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Oxidative Stress in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Chronic Inflammation Open
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the initial steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and development of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Several risk factors are associated with endothelial dysfunction and a…
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Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging Open
Increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies indicate that age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction and microcirculatory damage play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many types of dementia in the eld…
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Targeting vascular (endothelial) dysfunction Open
Cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global deaths and disability‐adjusted life years, with hypertension a significant risk factor for all causes of death. The endothelium that lines the inner wall of the vasculature regulates…
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Mechanism of Development of Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus Open
Diabetic macroangiopathy, atherosclerosis secondary to diabetes mellitus (DM), causes cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, which are major causes of death in patients with DM and significantly reduce their quality of life. The alterations in v…
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Role of Inflammation in Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology and Management Open
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically relevant arrhythmia, but the methods available for treating AF and its complications (of which the most important is thrombogenesis), as well as for assessing AF risk and underlying pa…
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Inflammatory Mechanisms Contributing to Endothelial Dysfunction Open
Maintenance of endothelial cell integrity is an important component of human health and disease since the endothelium can perform various functions including regulation of vascular tone, control of hemostasis and thrombosis, cellular adhes…
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GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective Open
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress responsive cytokine. It is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal and pathological condition. GDF-15 …
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Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System Open
Noise has been found associated with annoyance, stress, sleep disturbance, and impaired cognitive performance. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have found that environmental noise is associated with an increased incidence of arterial h…
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Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: a position paper of the ESC Working Group for Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, and the ESC Council of Basic Cardiovascular Science Open
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented healthcare emergency causing mortality and illness across the world. Although primarily affecting the lungs, the SARS-CoV-2 virus also affects the cardiovascular system. In addition to cardiac effe…
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ROS-triggered endothelial cell death mechanisms: Focus on pyroptosis, parthanatos, and ferroptosis Open
The endothelium is a single layer of epithelium covering the surface of the vascular system, and it represents a physical barrier between the blood and vessel wall that plays an important role in maintaining intravascular homeostasis. Howe…