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Tire Abrasion as a Major Source of Microplastics in the Environment Open
Traffic-related non-exhaust particulate matter mainly consists of tire wear, brake wear, and road wear. For this study, passive-samplers were placed near highly frequented roads in industrial, agricultural, and urban environments with the …
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Aluminum Matrix Composites for Industrial Use: Advances and Trends Open
Composites material, plastics and ceramics have been the dominant emerging materials in many industries over the last decade. The motive behind the use of metal matrix composite components in the automotive, agriculture and mining sectors …
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Levenberg–Marquardt Backpropagation Training of Multilayer Neural Networks for State Estimation of a Safety-Critical Cyber-Physical System Open
As an important safety critical cyber-physical system (CPS), the braking system is essential to the safe operation of the electric vehicle. Accurate estimation of the brake pressure is of great importance for automotive CPS design and cont…
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External Human-Machine Interfaces on Automated Vehicles: Effects on Pedestrian Crossing Decisions Open
Objective: In this article, we investigated the effects of external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) on pedestrians’ crossing intentions. Background: Literature suggests that the safety (i.e., not crossing when unsafe) and efficiency (i.e.…
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A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components Open
The rapid consumption of fossil fuel and increased environmental damage caused by it have given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuel-efficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have evolved from their inchoate sta…
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Recuperation of Regenerative Braking Energy in Electric Rail Transit Systems Open
Electric rail transit systems are large consumers of energy. In trains with\nregenerative braking capability, a fraction of the energy used to power a train\nis regenerated during braking. This regenerated energy, if not properly\ncaptured…
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Study on Self-Tuning Tyre Friction Control for Developing Main-Servo Loop Integrated Chassis Control System Open
The inherent flexibility of hierarchical structure scheme with main-servo loop control structure is proposed to the problem of integrated chassis control system for the vehicle. It includes both main loop, which calculates and allocates th…
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Realistic Car-Following Models for Microscopic Simulation of Adaptive and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles Open
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) and cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) are important technologies for the achievement of vehicle automation, and their effect on traffic systems generally is evaluated with microscopic traffic simulati…
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Laboratory testing of airborne brake wear particle emissions using a dynamometer system under urban city driving cycles Open
To measure driving-distance-based mass emission factors for airborne brake wear particulate matter (PM; i.e., brake wear particles) related to the non-asbestos organic friction of brake assembly materials (pads and lining), and to characte…
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Review on the friction and wear of brake materials Open
The friction brake works as an indispensable guarantee for regular work and safety operation of vehicles and industrial equipments. Friction and wear behaviors of brake’s friction materials are considered as an important subject. In this a…
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Review of Application of Energy Storage Devices in Railway Transportation Open
Regenerative braking is one of the main reasons behind the high levels of energy efficiency achieved in railway electric traction systems. During regenerative braking, the traction motor acts as a generator and restores part of the kinetic…
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A Simulation-Based Digital Twin for Model-Driven Health Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance of an Automotive Braking System Open
This paper describes a model-driven approach to support heat monitoring and predictive maintenance of an automotive braking system.This approach includes the creation of a simulation-based digital twin, or numerical model, that combines di…
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Inverter Operating Characteristics Optimization for DC Traction Power Supply Systems Open
Compared with energy storage equipment based on supercapacitors, flywheels, or lithium batteries, inverters have obvious advantages in installation space, cost, reliability, and service lifetime. For this reason, regenerative inverters are…
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Coatings for Automotive Gray Cast Iron Brake Discs: A Review Open
Gray cast iron (GCI) is a popular automotive brake disc material by virtue of its high melting point as well as excellent heat storage and damping capability. GCI is also attractive because of its good castability and machinability, combin…
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Hybrid-Learning-Based Classification and Quantitative Inference of Driver Braking Intensity of an Electrified Vehicle Open
The recognition of driver's braking intensity is of great importance for advanced control and energy management for electric vehicles. In this paper, the braking intensity is classified into three levels based on novel hybrid unsupervised …
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An Explicit Nonlinear Model Predictive ABS Controller for Electro-Hydraulic Braking Systems Open
This paper addresses the development and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) testing of an explicit nonlinear model predictive controller (eNMPC) for an antilock braking system (ABS) for passenger cars, actuated using an electro-hydraulic braking u…
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The Role of Solid Lubricants for Brake Friction Materials Open
This review article comprises of three parts. Firstly, reports of brake manufacturers on the beneficial impact of solid lubricants for pad formulations are surveyed. Secondly, since tribofilms were identified to play a crucial role in fric…
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Integrated nonlinear model predictive control for automated driving Open
This work presents a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) scheme to perform evasive maneuvers and avoid rear-end collisions. Rear-end collisions are among the most common road fatalities. To reduce the risk of collision, it is necessa…
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Parameterized Batch Reinforcement Learning for Longitudinal Control of Autonomous Land Vehicles Open
This paper presents a parameterized batch reinforcement learning algorithm for near-optimal longitudinal control of autonomous land vehicles (ALVs). The proposed approach uses an actor-critic architecture, where parameterized feature vecto…
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An investigation on braking systems used in railway vehicles Open
The high safety and comfort expectations under varying conditions have required the development of brake systems in railway vehicles. The main factors affecting the performance and function of the brake system are braking force, mass and s…
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Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Performance Requirements of Horizontal Deceleration: A Review with Implications for Random Intermittent Multi-Directional Sports Open
Rapid horizontal accelerations and decelerations are crucial events enabling the changes of velocity and direction integral to sports involving random intermittent multi-directional movements. However, relative to horizontal acceleration, …
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Pedestrian Detection in Severe Weather Conditions Open
Pedestrian detection has never been an easy task for computer vision and the automotive industry. Systems like the advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) highly rely on far-infrared (FIR) data captured to detect pedestrians at nighttime.…
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Freight train air brake models Open
This paper is an outcome of an international collaborative research initiative. Researchers from 24 institutions across 12 countries were invited to discuss the state-of-the-art in railway train air brake modelling with an emphasis on frei…
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Drivers ’reaction time research in the conditions in the real traffic Open
The article presents the results of research on the total reaction time of drivers in real traffic conditions. The tested driver had to react to a complex signal by performing a braking manoeuvre. The measurements were based on the author’…
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A Human-Machine-Cooperative-Driving Controller Based on AFS and DYC for Vehicle Dynamic Stability Open
It is a difficult and important project to coordinate active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC), which has great potential to improve vehicle dynamic stability. Moreover, the balance between driver’s operation and adv…
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Conventional and unconventional materials used in the production of brake pads – review Open
Brakes are one of the most important components of vehicle. The brake system must be reliable and display unchanging action throughout its use, as it guards the health and life of many people. Properly matched friction pair, a disc and bra…
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Increase of capacity on the shinkansen high-speed line using virtual coupling Open
The coupling and decoupling of trains while they are in motion is one of the research fields of the DLR project, Next Generation Train.The coupling will be non-mechanical, but virtual and will be maintained by means of distance control tec…
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Wheel slip control with torque blending using linear and nonlinear model predictive control Open
Modern hybrid electric vehicles employ electric braking to recuperate energy during deceleration. However, currently anti-lock braking system (ABS) functionality is delivered solely by friction brakes. Hence regenerative braking is typical…
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Friction, wear and airborne particle emission from Cu-free brake materials Open
Cu is required to be abated in brake pads due to its toxicity. There are on the market several Cu-free brake pads. These Cu-free brake pads are only evaluated regarding their friction and wear performance, whereas, their airborne particle …
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Experimental investigations on wear properties of Palm kernel reinforced composites for brake pad applications Open
The use of asbestos material is being avoided to manufacture the brake pads as it is harmful and toxic in nature. Further it leads to various health issues like asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancers. These brake pads can be replaced by…