Abamectin
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Shifting from priming of salicylic acid‐ to jasmonic acid‐regulated defences by <i>Trichoderma</i> protects tomato against the root knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Open
Summary Beneficial root endophytes such as Trichoderma spp. can reduce infections by parasitic nematodes through triggering host defences. Little is currently known about the complex hormone signalling underlying the induction of resistanc…
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Avermectin Derivatives, Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic and Toxic Dosages, Mechanism of Action, and Their Biological Effects Open
Avermectins are a group of drugs that occurs naturally as a product of fermenting Streptomyces avermitilis, an actinomycetes, isolated from the soil. Eight different structures, including ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, mo…
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Development of functionalized abamectin poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles with regulatable adhesion to enhance foliar retention Open
Functionalized abamectin poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles with different adhesion abilities to crop foliage can regulate folia retention of abamectin.
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The expression of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> P450 and UGT genes: tissue specificity and response to insecticides Open
Cytochrome P450 and UDP‐glucosyltransferase (UGT) as phase I and phase II metabolism enzymes, respectively, play vital roles in the breakdown of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Insects can increase the expression of detoxification enzymes to …
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Biological Control of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> by Spore-forming Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on Cotton Open
In the past decade, increased attention has been placed on biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes using various fungi and bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of 662 plant growth-promoting rhizobac…
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The relative contribution of target-site mutations in complex acaricide resistant phenotypes as assessed by marker assisted backcrossing in Tetranychus urticae Open
The mechanisms underlying insecticide and acaricide resistance in insects and mites are often complex, including additive effects of target-site insensitivity, increased metabolism and transport. The extent to which target-site resistance …
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Functional redundancy of two ABC transporter proteins in mediating toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to cotton bollworm Open
Author summary Insect-killing proteins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are increasingly important as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional insecticides. However, widespread planting for the past two deca…
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Can Plant Defence Mechanisms Provide New Approaches for the Sustainable Control of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae? Open
Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch is a cosmopolitan, polyphagous mite which causes economic losses in both agricultural and ornamental plants. Some traits of T. urticae hamper its management, including a short life cycle, arrhenotokous…
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Geographical distribution and molecular insights into abamectin and milbemectin cross‐resistance in European field populations of <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Open
BACKGROUND Milbemectin and abamectin are frequently used to control the spider mite Tetranychus urticae . The development of abamectin resistance in this major pest has become an increasing problem worldwide, potentially compromising the u…
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Functional analysis of<i>UGT201D3</i>associated with abamectin resistance in<i>Tetranychus cinnabarinus</i>(Boisduval) Open
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are widely distributed within living organisms and share roles in biotransformation of various lipophilic endo‐ and xenobiotics with activated UDP sugars. In this study, it was found th…
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Protective and Detoxifying Enzyme Activity and ABCG Subfamily Gene Expression in Sogatella furcifera Under Insecticide Stress Open
Sogatella furcifera, an important migratory pest of rice, has substantial detrimental effects on rice production. To clarify the mechanism whereby S. furcifera responds to insecticide stress, we measured the activity of its protective [sup…
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Abamectin induces rapid and reversible hypoactivity within early zebrafish embryos Open
During early zebrafish embryogenesis, spontaneous tail contractions represent the first sign of locomotion and result from innervation of primary motoneuron axons to target axial muscles. Based on a high-content screen, we previously demon…
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Biological Control of the Twospotted Spider Mite (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) with the Predatory Mite Neoseiulus californicus (Mesotigmata: Phytoseiidae) in Blackberries Open
The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a key mite pest affecting blackberry production worldwide. Tetranychus urticae feeds on the underside of leaves, extracts chlorophyll, and reduces crop yield. …
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Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Mediated by an ABC Transporter Mutation Increases Susceptibility to Toxins from Other Bacteria in an Invasive Insect Open
Evolution of pest resistance reduces the efficacy of insecticidal proteins from the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) used widely in sprays and transgenic crops. Recent efforts to delay pest adaptation to Bt crops focus p…
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Toxic effects of some insecticides, herbicides, and plant essential oils against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du val (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Open
Cereals are staple food for many countries and are grown on millions of hectares of land, but much of the harvest is wasted due to losses by pests. To minimize these losses, many pesticides are used which are damaging to the environment an…
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Acquired Tolerance to Ivermectin and Moxidectin after Drug Selection Pressure in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Open
Ivermectin and moxidectin are the most widely administered anthelmintic macrocyclic lactones (MLs) to treat human and animal nematode infections. Their widespread and frequent use has led to a high level of resistance to these drugs. Altho…
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Assessment of Avermectins-Induced Toxicity in Animals Open
Macrocyclic lactones, particularly the avermectins, have completely revolutionized the approaches aimed at control of parasites. These avermectins are the most widely used anti-parasitic drugs in veterinary field with sales exceeding one b…
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Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses Open
To explain losses of bees that could occur after the winter season, we studied the effects of the insecticide imidacloprid, the herbicide glyphosate and the fungicide difenoconazole, alone and in binary and ternary mixtures, on winter hone…
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Laboratory efficacy of selected synthetic insecticides against second instar invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae Open
Maize is the most essential crop of China and its productivity has been recently endangered by the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda . Chemical pesticides are one of the most important strategies for managing FAW on a short-term b…
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Untangling a <span>G</span>ordian knot: the role of a <span>GluCl3 I321T</span> mutation in abamectin resistance in <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Open
BACKGROUND The cys‐loop ligand‐gated ion channels, including the glutamate‐gated chloride channel (GluCl) and GABA‐gated chloride channel (Rdl) are important targets for drugs and pesticides. The macrocyclic lactone abamectin primarily tar…
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Molecular mechanisms of Tetranychus urticae chemical adaptation in hop fields Open
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is a major pest that feeds on >1,100 plant species. Many perennial crops including hop ( Humulus lupulus ) are routinely plagued by T. urticae infestations. Hop is a specialty crop in P…
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Effect of Emamectin Benzoate on Root-Knot Nematodes and Tomato Yield Open
Southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is an obligate, sedentary endoparasite of more than 3000 plant species, that causes heavy economic losses and limit the development of protected agriculture of China. As a biological pest…
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Monitoring the Resistance of the Citrus Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) to Four Acaricides in Different Citrus Orchards in China Open
The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is an important spider mite pest in citrus producing areas. Owing to long-term acaricide exposure, resistance has evolved rapidly in recent years. To evaluate the extent of resistance, seve…
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Resistance Management for Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, in Florida Open
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayma, is one of the most important pests in citrus production. The objective of this study was to evaluate D. citri resistance management with three insecticide rotations and compare them with …
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Macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis: risks for prevention of heartworm disease Open
Heartworm disease, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, can be lethal in dogs and cats. It is transmitted by mosquitoes, and occurs in many parts of the world. Prevention relies on macrocyclic lactones. Macrocyclic lactones used are ivermectin, …
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Albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin are effective against monogeneans of <i>Colossoma macropomum</i> (Pisces: Serrasalmidae) Open
This study evaluated the efficacy of albendazole, ivermectin, levamisole, mebendazole and praziquantel on monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum , based on in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro assays indicated that albendazole (500, 100, 1,5…
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Regional Susceptibilities of<i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i>(Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Ten Insecticides Open
Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most significant cereal pests worldwide. Control of R. padi has relied heavily on chemical insecticides. We sampled 12 populations of R. padi from 11 provinces in China and analy…
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Monitoring Field Populations of<i>Plutella xylostella</i>(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) for Resistance to Eight Insecticides in China Open
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the main destructive insect pest of brassicaceous vegetables around the world. It has developed resistance to various classes of insecticides. However, the curre…
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The impact of pesticides used in greenhouses, on the predatory mite neoseiulus californicus (parasitiformes, phytoseiidae) Open
Nine commercial pesticides currently used in Russian greenhouses against pests (aphids, thrips, whiteflies) were selected to determine their toxicity to predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus McGregor in order to find out the potential use…
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Identification and characterization of striking multiple‐insecticide resistance in a <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> field population from Greece Open
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Here, we investigated the resistance levels of a T. urticae population collected from an orn…