Glucagon-like peptide-2
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Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) Open
BACKGROUND: The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, decrease of gastric e…
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Discovery, characterization, and clinical development of the glucagon-like peptides Open
The discovery, characterization, and clinical development of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) spans more than 30 years and includes contributions from multiple investigators, science recognized by the 2017 Harrington Award Prize for Innovat…
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Development and physiology of the rumen and the lower gut: Targets for improving gut health Open
International audience
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Phlorizin ameliorates obesity-associated endotoxemia and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity Open
Phlorizin (PHZ) is one of phytonutrients in apples that contributes to the health-promoting effect implicated by the saying, 'an apple a day keeps the doctor away'. PHZ was firstly identified as a competitive inhibitor of sodium-glucose co…
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Focus on Neurodegenerative Diseases Open
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. The pathogenesis of brain impairment caused by chronic hyperglycemia is complex and includes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters' alt…
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Sodium butyrate ameliorates insulin resistance and renal failure in CKD rats by modulating intestinal permeability and mucin expression Open
Background The associated increase in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has shifted the way we focus on intestinal microbiota. This study shows that a disruption of the intestinal barrier…
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The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on Bone Metabolism and Its Possible Mechanisms Open
The impact of antidiabetic drugs on bone metabolism is drawing increasing attention due to the discovery of a correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a nov…
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The Impact of Weaning Stress on Gut Health and the Mechanistic Aspects of Several Feed Additives Contributing to Improved Gut Health Function in Weanling Piglets—A Review Open
Newly weaned pig encounters psychosocial, physical, and nutritional stressors simultaneously when their immune system is not fully developed. These stressors have a cumulative effect on the immune response that contributes to the post-wean…
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Characterizing effects of feed restriction and glucagon-like peptide 2 administration on biomarkers of inflammation and intestinal morphology Open
Inadequate feed consumption reduces intestinal barrier function in both ruminants and monogastrics. Objectives were to characterize how progressive feed restriction (FR) affects inflammation, metabolism, and intestinal morphology, and to i…
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Glucagon-like peptide 2 for intestinal stem cell and Paneth cell repair during graft-versus-host disease in mice and humans Open
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Although currently used GVHD treatment regimens target the donor immune system, we explored here an a…
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Crosstalk between glucagon-like peptide 1 and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases Open
Gut microbiota exert influence on gastrointestinal mucosal permeability, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid synthesis, dietary fiber fermentation, and farnesoid X receptor/Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signal transdu…
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Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 effects on food intake: Physiological relevance and emerging mechanisms Open
The gut-brain hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has received immense attention over the last couple of decades for its widespread metabolic effects. Notably, intestinal GLP-1 has been recognized as an endogenous satiation signal. Yet…
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Microbial-Driven Butyrate Regulates Jejunal Homeostasis in Piglets During the Weaning Stage Open
Microbe-derived butyrate plays an important role in the gut health of young mammals during the weaning stage. A greater understanding of how butyrate regulates intestinal development is necessary for overcoming post-weaning diarrheal disea…
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GLP-1 and GLP-2 Orchestrate Intestine Integrity, Gut Microbiota, and Immune System Crosstalk Open
The intestine represents the body’s largest interface between internal organs and external environments except for its nutrient and fluid absorption functions. It has the ability to sense numerous endogenous and exogenous signals from both…
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Mechanisms of Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver and Gut Injury Open
Parenteral nutrition (PN) has revolutionized the care of patients with intestinal failure by providing nutrition intravenously. Worldwide, PN remains a standard tool of nutrition delivery in neonatal, pediatric, and adult patients. Though …
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 (GLP-2) Stimulates Postprandial Chylomicron Production and Postabsorptive Release of Intestinal Triglyceride Storage Pools via Induction of Nitric Oxide Signaling in Male Hamsters and Mice Open
The intestinal overproduction of apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48)-containing chylomicron particles is a common feature of diabetic dyslipidemia and contributes to cardiovascular risk in insulin resistant states. We previously reported that gluc…
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Proglucagon-Derived Peptides as Therapeutics Open
Initially discovered as an impurity in insulin preparations, our understanding of the hyperglycaemic hormone glucagon has evolved markedly over subsequent decades. With description of the precursor proglucagon, we now appreciate that gluca…
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Peptone‐mediated glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion depends on intestinal absorption and activation of basolaterally located Calcium‐Sensing Receptors Open
Protein intake robustly stimulates the secretion of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) but the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood. In particular, it is unknown whether proteins stimulate secretion by a…
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Its Cleavage Products Are Renoprotective in Murine Diabetic Nephropathy Open
Incretin-based therapies, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, are potent glucose-lowering drugs. Still, only GLP-1 receptor agonists with close peptide homology to GLP-…
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Berberine Slows the Progression of Prediabetes to Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats by Enhancing Intestinal Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 and Improving the Gut Microbiota Open
Background Berberine is a plant alkaloid that has multiple beneficial effects against intestine inflammation. In our previous study, we have found that berberine also possesses an antidiabetic effect. However, whether berberine is useful i…
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Recent Developments in Therapeutic Peptides for the Glucagon-like Peptide 1 and 2 Receptors Open
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) are proglucagon derived peptides that are released from gut endocrine cells in response to nutrient intake. These molecules are rapidly inactivated by the action of dipept…
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GLP-1 and Intestinal Diseases Open
Accumulating evidence implicates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to have, beyond glucose maintenance, a beneficial role in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we review emerging data investigating GLP-1 as a novel treatment for intestinal di…
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Multiple Factors Related to the Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Open
The glucagon-like peptide-1 is secreted by intestinal L cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It regulates the secretion and sensitivity of insulin while suppressing glucagon secretion and decreasing postprandial glucose levels. It also…
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Localization of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor Expression in the Mouse Open
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), secreted from enteroendocrine cells, attenuates gut motility, enhances barrier function, and augments nutrient absorption, actions mediated by a single GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R). Despite extensive analyses, t…
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Role of glucagon-like peptides in inflammatory bowel diseases—current knowledge and future perspectives Open
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic, relapsing, intestinal inflammatory disorders with complex and yet unrevealed pathogenesis in which genetic, immunological, and envi…
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Paracrine crosstalk between intestinal L- and D-cells controls secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in mice Open
DPP-4 inhibitors, used for treatment of type 2 diabetes, act by increasing the concentrations of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), but at the same time, they inhibit secretion of GLP-1, perhaps by a negative feedback mechanism. We hy…
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Functional and Molecular Adaptations of Enteroendocrine L-Cells in Male Obese Mice Are Associated With Preservation of Pancreatic α-Cell Function and Prevention of Hyperglycemia Open
Glucose homeostasis depends on the coordinated secretion of glucagon, insulin, and Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 by pancreas and intestine. Obesity, which is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 dia…
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Duodenal <i>Anaerobutyricum soehngenii</i> infusion stimulates GLP-1 production, ameliorates glycaemic control and beneficially shapes the duodenal transcriptome in metabolic syndrome subjects: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study Open
Objective Although gut dysbiosis is increasingly recognised as a pathophysiological component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the role and mode of action of specific gut microbes in metabolic health remain elusive. Previously, we identified …
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Insights on glicentin, a promising peptide of the proglucagon family Open
Glicentin is a proglucagon-derived peptide mainly produced in the L-intestinal cells. While the roles of other members of the proglucagon family including glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2 and oxyntomodulin has been well stu…
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Apraglutide, a novel glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analog, improves fluid absorption in patients with short bowel syndrome intestinal failure: Findings from a placebo‐controlled, randomized phase 2 trial Open
Background Treatment with glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) analogs improve intestinal adaptation in patients with short bowel syndrome–associated intestinal failure (SBS‐IF) and may reduce parenteral support requirements. Apraglutide is a n…