Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
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Health consequences of androgenic anabolic steroid use Open
Background The lifetime prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse is estimated to be around 6% for men, but there is limited knowledge about the side effects of these drugs. Objective To investigate mortality and morbidity amongst us…
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Adverse Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Literature Review Open
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a large group of molecules including endogenously produced androgens, such as testosterone, as well as synthetically manufactured derivatives. AAS use is widespread due to their ability to improve mu…
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Former Abusers of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Exhibit Decreased Testosterone Levels and Hypogonadal Symptoms Years after Cessation: A Case-Control Study Open
Former AAS abusers exhibited significantly lower plasma testosterone levels and higher frequencies of symptoms suggestive of hypogonadism than healthy control participants years after AAS cessation. Current AAS abusers exhibited severely d…
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Anabolic–androgenic steroids: How do they work and what are the risks? Open
Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are a class of hormones that are widely abused for their muscle-building and strength-increasing properties in high, nontherapeutic, dosages. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview …
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Outline of a typology of men’s use of anabolic androgenic steroids in fitness and strength training environments* Open
Recent research into the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in fitness and strength training environments have revealed great variance in users' approach to AAS use and more specifically their approach to health risks and desired ob…
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Anabolic-androgenic steroids and cardiovascular risk Open
AAS produces toxic effects on the cardiovascular system, and it is necessary to ensure that more people know this about AAS, including medical personnel.
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Sudden Cardiac Death in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users: A Literature Review Open
Background and objectives: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a group of synthetic molecules derived from testosterone and its related precursors. AASs are widely used illicitly by adolescents and athletes, especially by bodybuilders,…
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Designer steroids – over‐the‐counter supplements and their androgenic component: review of an increasing problem Open
Summary Colloquially referred to by various misleading monikers (‘pro‐hormones’, ‘natural steroids’, ‘testosterone boosters’, etc.) designer anabolic steroids have been popular now for over a decade as a way to achieve classic anabolic ste…
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Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among women – A qualitative study on experiences of masculinizing, gonadal and sexual effects Open
Women who use AAS are at risk of developing irreversible masculinizing effects that are difficult to process and that may negatively influence self-esteem, social life and sexual function, both during and after use. More gender-specific in…
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Characteristics and Attitudes of Men Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS): A Survey of 2385 Men Open
Additional characterization of patients using anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is needed to improve harm reduction and cessation resources for patients. Our group sought to expand upon the currently limited data regarding AAS use by perf…
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Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in the United Kingdom: An update Open
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are prescribed for medical conditions related to low testosterone. Abuse of AASs has surged as they become recognised as potent image enhancement drugs. The primary goal of most abusers is to obtain a mo…
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Anabolic androgenic steroids, antisocial personality traits, aggression and violence Open
In summary, our study confirms a link between AAS use, aggression and violence in a weightlifting population. However, the association is foremost seen in AAS dependent users and it seems that antisocial personality traits are an important…
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Dietary Supplements as Source of Unintentional Doping Open
Background . The substances used in sport could be divided into two major groups: those banned by the World Anti‐Doping Agency and those which are not. The prohibited list is extremely detailed and includes a wide variety of both medicinal…
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‘Gain with no pain’: Anabolic-androgenic steroids trafficking in the UK Open
Anabolic-androgenic steroids are performance and image enhancing drugs (PIED) that can improve endurance and athletic performance, reduce body fat and stimulate muscle growth. The use of steroids has been studied extensively in the medical…
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Social Media, Body Image and Resistance Training: Creating the Perfect ‘Me’ with Dietary Supplements, Anabolic Steroids and SARM’s Open
Background Few studies have assessed the use of dietary supplements, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) in male gym users. The comparison of physical appearance with others on social media …
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Anabolic androgenic steroids and carcinogenicity focusing on Leydig cell: a literature review Open
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are some of the most common drugs used among athletes, frequently in combination with resistance training, to improve physical performance or for aesthetic purpose. A great number of scientific reports sh…
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The Availability and Acquisition of Illicit Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Testosterone Preparations on the Internet Open
The lifetime prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use in the United States is over 1%. Recent reports have suggested AAS can easily be obtained over the Internet without a prescription, but this has been poorly studied. This st…
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Children's First Experience of Taking Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids can Occur before Their 10th Birthday: A Systematic Review Identifying 9 Factors That Predicted Doping among Young People Open
Taking performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) can cause serious and irreversible health consequences, which can ultimately lead to premature death. Some young people may take PEDs without fully understanding the ramifications of their actions …
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Consequences of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse in Males; Sexual and Reproductive Perspective Open
The real epidemiology and the possible consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) use still represent a very tricky task due to the difficulties in the quantification and detection of these drugs. Chronic use of AAS, frequently com…
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Evaluation and Behavior of Spanish Bodybuilders: Doping and Sports Supplements Open
The use of doping agents has these days become a public health problem, as it also affects young and non-competitive amateurs in different sports. To prepare for competition, bodybuilders perform aggressive dietary protocols, so, bodybuild…
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Physical appearance concerns are uniquely associated with the severity of steroid dependence and depression in anabolic–androgenic steroid users Open
Introduction and Aims Emerging research suggests that the sub‐population of anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) users who experience physical appearance concerns may suffer greater psychological dysfunction than other sub‐populations, includ…
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Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Induce Reversible Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Cardiac Dysfunction. Echocardiography Results of the HAARLEM Study Open
Background: The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is not uncommon among strength athletes. Several cross-sectional studies have linked AAS use to heart disease, but a causal role for AAS is not certain and it is unknown whether car…
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Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Searching New Molecular Biomarkers Open
Even if anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse is clearly associated with a wide spectrum of collateral effects, adolescents and athletes frequently use a large group of synthetic derivatives of testosterone, both for aesthetic uses and f…
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Drug‐Induced Liver Injury by Selective Androgenic Receptor Modulators Open
Selective androgenic receptor modulators (SARMs) have not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration but they are heavily promoted as alternatives to androgenic anabolic steroids. We present two cases of liver injury associated…
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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Sports, Health, and Society Open
This consensus statement is an update of the 1987 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) position stand on the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). Substantial data have been collected since the previous position stand, and AAS u…
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Structural brain characteristics of anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence in men Open
Aim To identify differences in brain morphology between dependent and non‐dependent male anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) users. Design This study used cross‐sectional data from a longitudinal study on male weightlifters. Participants Osl…
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The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Treatment Gap: A National Study of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Open
Background: Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with serious mental and physical health problems. Evidence indicates that AAS use among people who use psychoactive substances is higher than in the general population. This s…
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Prevalence, Attitude, Knowledge, and Practice of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) Use Among Gym Participants Open
Also, 9.8% of gym participants used AAS and were more likely to be involved in risky habits, such as smoking and growth hormone abuse. They were less aware of potential complications of AAS, with gym trainers being the predominant source o…
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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Misuse: Mechanisms, Patterns of Misuse, User Typology, and Adverse Effects Open
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) encompass a broad group of natural and synthetic androgens. AAS misuse is highly prevalent on a global scale, with the lifetime prevalence of AAS misuse in males being estimated to be around 6%, with 15 t…
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Review Article: Anabolic‐Androgenic Steroids, Violence, and Crime: Two Cases and Literature Review Open
Background and Objectives Anabolic‐androgenic steroid (AAS) use has become a major worldwide substance use disorder, affecting tens of millions of individuals. Importantly, it is now increasingly recognized that some individuals develop un…