Corneal Diseases
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3D bioprinting of a corneal stroma equivalent Open
Corneal transplantation constitutes one of the leading treatments for severe cases of loss of corneal function. Due to its limitations, a concerted effort has been made by tissue engineers to produce functional, synthetic corneal prosthese…
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Corneal endothelial dysfunction: Evolving understanding and treatment options Open
The cornea is exquisitely designed to protect the eye while transmitting and focusing incoming light. Precise control of corneal hydration by the endothelial cell layer that lines the inner surface of the cornea is required for optimal tra…
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Corneal biomechanics – a review Open
Purpose In recent years, the interest in corneal biomechanics has strongly increased. The material properties of the cornea determine its shape and therefore play an important role in corneal ectasia and related pathologies. This review ad…
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Applications of corneal topography and tomography: a review Open
Corneal imaging is essential for diagnosing and management of a wide variety of ocular diseases. Corneal topography is used to characterize the shape of the cornea, specifically, the anterior surface of the cornea. Most corneal topographic…
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Corneal Innervation and Sensation: The Eye and Beyond. Open
The cornea is one of the most densely innervated and sensitive tissues in the body. In addition to their important sensory functions, corneal nerves induce reflex tear production, blinking, and the release of trophic factors - all of which…
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Biomaterials for corneal bioengineering Open
Corneal transplantation is an important surgical treatment for many common corneal diseases. However, a worldwide shortage of tissue from suitable corneal donors has meant that many people are not able to receive sight-restoring operations…
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A review of the evidence for in vivo corneal endothelial regeneration Open
Human corneal endothelium has long been thought to be a nonmitotic cell layer with no endogenous reparative potential. Pathologies that damage endothelial function result in corneal decompensation and, if untreated, blindness. The mainstay…
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Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: current perspectives Open
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most common corneal dystrophy and frequently results in vision loss. Hallmarks of the disease include loss of corneal endothelial cells and formation of excrescences of Descemet's membrane.…
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Impact of Facial Conformation on Canine Health: Corneal Ulceration Open
Concern has arisen in recent years that selection for extreme facial morphology in the domestic dog may be leading to an increased frequency of eye disorders. Corneal ulcers are a common and painful eye problem in domestic dogs that can le…
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Oxidative Stress to the Cornea, Changes in Corneal Optical Properties, and Advances in Treatment of Corneal Oxidative Injuries Open
Oxidative stress is involved in many ocular diseases and injuries. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of oxidants (oxidative stress) leads to the damage and may be highly involved in ocular aging processes. The anter…
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Nanomedicine Approaches for Corneal Diseases Open
Corneal diseases are the third leading cause of blindness globally. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids, antibiotics and tissue transplantation are currently used to treat corneal pathological conditions. Howeve…
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Ultrahigh-resolution OCT imaging of the human cornea Open
We present imaging of corneal pathologies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with high resolution. To this end, an ultrahigh-resolution spectral domain OCT (UHR-OCT) system based on a broad bandwidth Ti:sapphire laser is employed. Wi…
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Corneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal nerve fibre loss and increased dendritic cells in patients with long COVID Open
Background/Aims Long COVID is characterised by a range of potentially debilitating symptoms which develop in at least 10% of people who have recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study has quantified corneal sub-basal nerve plexu…
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Generating minicorneal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells Open
Corneal epithelial stem cells residing within the annular limbal crypts regulate adult tissue homeostasis. Autologous limbal grafts and tissue engineered corneal epithelial cell sheets have been widely used in the treatment of various ocul…
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Diagnosis of Neuropathy and Risk Factors for Corneal Nerve Loss in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Corneal Confocal Microscopy Study Open
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and the risk factors for corneal nerve loss. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 490 participants, including 72 hea…
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Concise Review: Stem Cells for Corneal Wound Healing Open
Corneal wound healing is a complex process that occurs in response to various injuries and commonly used refractive surgery. It is a significant clinical problem, which may lead to serious complications due to either incomplete (epithelial…
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Evolution of therapies for the corneal endothelium: past, present and future approaches Open
Corneal endothelial diseases are leading indications for corneal transplantations. With significant advancement in medical science and surgical techniques, corneal transplant surgeries are now increasingly effective at restoring vision in …
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Interface infectious keratitis after anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty. Clinical features and treatment strategies. A review Open
Interface infectious keratitis (IIK) is a novel corneal infection that may develop after any type of lamellar keratoplasty. Onset of infection occurs in the virtual space between the graft and the host where it may remain localised until s…
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Corneal Stromal Regeneration: Current Status and Future Therapeutic Potential Open
The corneal stroma comprises 90% of the corneal thickness and is critical for the cornea's transparency and refractive function necessary for vision. When the corneal stroma is altered by disease, injury, or scarring, however, an irreversi…
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Corneal alteration and pathogenesis in diabetes mellitus Open
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have increased considerably worldwide. Diabetic keratopathy is the major complication of the cornea characterized by delayed corneal wound healing, decreasing corneal epithelial…
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Corneal Morphologic Characteristics in Patients With Down Syndrome Open
Patients with DS have steeper and thinner corneas and more corneal aberrations than those without genetic alterations and normal corneas. The findings suggest a detailed corneal study should be considered in such patients to detect keratoc…
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The Role of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells in Regulating Corneal (Lymph)angiogenic Privilege and the Micromilieu of the Limbal Niche following UV Exposure Open
The cornea is a clear structure, void of blood, and lymphatic vessels, functioning as our window to the world. Limbal epithelial stem cells, occupying the area between avascular cornea and vascularized conjunctiva, have been implicated in …
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Artificial Cornea: Past, Current, and Future Directions Open
Corneal diseases are a leading cause of blindness with an estimated 10 million patients diagnosed with bilateral corneal blindness worldwide. Corneal transplantation is highly successful in low-risk patients with corneal blindness but ofte…
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Advances in 3D bioprinting technology for functional corneal reconstruction and regeneration Open
Corneal transplantation constitutes one of the major treatments in severe cases of corneal diseases. The lack of cornea donors as well as other limitations of corneal transplantation necessitate the development of artificial corneal substi…
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Pentacam® Corneal Tomography for Screening of Refractive Surgery Candidates: A Review of the Literature, Part I. Open
Corneal tomography and Scheimpflug imaging are frequently used to analyze the corneal surface, especially in the field of cataract and refractive surgery. The Pentacam system is one of the most commonly used commercially available systems …
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A review of corneal imaging methods for the early diagnosis of pre-clinical Keratoconus Open
Corneal assessment techniques, with the ability to characterise both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, are invaluable in the diagnosis of pre-clinical KC. Reflection based and elevation based corneal imaging systems should be us…
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Corneal Endothelial Cells Over the Past Decade: Are We Missing the Mark(er)? Open
Corneal endothelial dysfunction is one of the leading causes of corneal edema and visual impairment, requiring corneal endothelial transplantation. The treatments are limited, however, by both logistics and a global donor shortage. As a re…
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Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells–Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Options Open
In the human cornea, regeneration of the epithelium is regulated by the stem cell reservoir of the limbus, which is the marginal region of the cornea representing the anatomical and functional border between the corneal and conjunctival ep…
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Association Between Graft Storage Time and Donor Age With Endothelial Cell Density and Graft Adherence After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Open
We showed an association between graft storage time and ECD decline after DMEK and possibly between donor age and graft detachment. Therefore, donor storage times should be kept as short as possible to improve short-term ECDs. More researc…
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Genetic Variants Associated With Corneal Biomechanical Properties and Potentially Conferring Susceptibility to Keratoconus in a Genome-Wide Association Study Open
Five loci that are associated with corneal biomechanical properties and that have suggestive associations with keratoconus were reported. These findings suggest the role of type VI collagen, extracellular matrix, and connective-tissue deve…