Analogical reasoning
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Analogical Reasoning on Chinese Morphological and Semantic Relations Open
Analogical reasoning is effective in capturing linguistic regularities. This paper proposes an analogical reasoning task on Chinese. After delving into Chinese lexical knowledge, we sketch 68 implicit morphological relations and 28 explici…
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Analogy and Abstraction Open
A central question in human development is how young children gain knowledge so fast. We propose that analogical generalization drives much of this early learning and allows children to generate new abstractions from experience. In this pa…
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General and specialized brain correlates for analogical reasoning: A meta‐analysis of functional imaging studies Open
Reasoning by analogy allows us to link distinct domains of knowledge and to transfer solutions from one domain to another. Analogical reasoning has been studied using various tasks that have generally required the consideration of the rela…
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The (too Many) Problems of Analogical Reasoning with Word Vectors Open
This paper explores the possibilities of analogical reasoning with vector space models. Given two pairs of words with the same relation (e.g. man:woman :: king:queen), it was proposed that the offset between one pair of the corresponding w…
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Analysis of students’ mathematical reasoning Open
The reasoning is one of the mathematical abilities that have very complex implications. This complexity causes reasoning including abilities that are not easily attainable by students. Similarly, studies dealing with reason are quite diver…
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Effect of scaffolding on helping introductory physics students solve quantitative problems involving strong alternative conceptions Open
It is well known that introductory physics students often have alternative conceptions that are inconsistent with established physical principles and concepts. Invoking alternative conceptions in the quantitative problem-solving process ca…
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Analogical Reasoning on Chinese Morphological and Semantic Relations Open
Analogical reasoning is effective in capturing linguistic regularities. This paper proposes an analogical reasoning task on Chinese. After delving into Chinese lexical knowledge, we sketch 68 implicit morphological relations and 28 explici…
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Conscious Augmentation of Creative State Enhances “Real” Creativity in Open-Ended Analogical Reasoning Open
Humans have an impressive ability to augment their creative state (i.e., to consciously try and succeed at thinking more creatively). Though this "thinking cap" phenomenon is commonly experienced, the range of its potential has not been fu…
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Learning to Make Analogies by Contrasting Abstract Relational Structure Open
Analogical reasoning has been a principal focus of various waves of AI research. Analogy is particularly challenging for machines because it requires relational structures to be represented such that they can be flexibly applied across div…
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Extending Analogical Generalization with Near-Misses Open
Concept learning is a central problem for cognitive systems. Generalization techniques can help organize examples by their commonalities, but comparisons with non-examples, near-misses, can provide discrimination. Early work on near-misses…
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Wordtrees: A Method For Design By Analogy Open
NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract WordTrees: A Method for Design-by-Analogy Keywords: analogy, design, idea generation Abstract Analogies to nature and other designs are…
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Assessment of Scientific Reasoning: Development and Validation of Scientific Reasoning Assessment Tool Open
Studies indicate that the failure of science education to meet the needs of the 21st century is to some extent due to the inability to incorporate scientific reasoning and higher order assessments in the school instruction. Though the outc…
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Eye Movements Reveal Optimal Strategies for Analogical Reasoning Open
Analogical reasoning refers to the process of drawing inferences on the basis of the relational similarity between two domains. Although this complex cognitive ability has been the focus of inquiry for many years, most models rely on measu…
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Children’s Failure in Analogical Reasoning Tasks: A Problem of Focus of Attention and Information Integration? Open
Children's improved performance with age in analogy tasks has been explained by an increase in semantic knowledge of the items and the relations between them or by the development of an increased ability to inhibit irrelevant information. …
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Token frequency as a determinant of morphological change Open
This paper demonstrates that morphological change tends to involve the replacement of low frequency forms in inflectional paradigms by innovative forms based on high frequency forms, using Greek data involving the diachronic reorganisation…
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Recall and Learn: A Memory-augmented Solver for Math Word Problems Open
In this article, we tackle the math word problem, namely, automatically answering a mathematical problem according to its textual description. Although recent methods have demonstrated their promising results, most of these methods are bas…
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Dynamic testing and transfer: An examination of children's problem-solving strategies Open
This study examined the problem-solving behaviour of 104 children (aged 7–8 years) when tackling construction-analogy tasks. Children were allocated to one of two conditions: either a form of unguided practice alone or this in combination …
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The Scattering Compositional Learner: Discovering Objects, Attributes, Relationships in Analogical Reasoning Open
In this work, we focus on an analogical reasoning task that contains rich compositional structures, Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM). To discover compositional structures of the data, we propose the Scattering Compositional Learner (SCL)…
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Analogy and Qualitative Representations in the Companion Cognitive Architecture Open
The Companion cognitive architecture is aimed at reaching human‐level AI by creating software social organisms — systems that interact with people using natural modalities, working and learning over extended periods of time as collaborator…
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User requirements for analogical design support tools: Learning from practitioners of bio-inspired design Open
When designers develop biologically-inspired design (BID) solutions, they are engaging in a process of analogical design. Software tools have been developed to support analogical design processes, presenting designers with information to h…
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Extrapolation of Experimental Results through Analogical Reasoning from Latent Classes Open
In the human sciences, experimental research is used to establish causal relationships. However, the extrapolation of these results to the target population can be problematic. To facilitate extrapolation, we propose to use the statistical…
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Moral Decision-Making by Analogy: Generalizations versus Exemplars Open
Moral reasoning is important to accurately model as AI systems become ever more integrated into our lives. Moral reasoning is rapid and unconscious; analogical reasoning, which can be unconscious, is a promising approach to model moral rea…
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Individual Differences in Relational Learning and Analogical Reasoning: A Computational Model of Longitudinal Change Open
Children's cognitive control and knowledge at school entry predict growth rates in analogical reasoning skill over time; however, the mechanisms by which these factors interact and impact learning are unclear. We propose that inhibitory co…
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Fluid Transformers and Creative Analogies: Exploring Large Language Models’ Capacity for Augmenting Cross-Domain Analogical Creativity Open
Cross-domain analogical reasoning is a core creative ability that can be challenging for humans. Recent work has shown some proofs-of-concept of Large language Models' (LLMs) ability to generate cross-domain analogies. However, the reliabi…
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The Predictive Power of Reasoning Ability on Academic Achievement Open
The present study examined the contribution of six components of reasoning ability (inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, linear reasoning, conditional reasoning, cause-and-effect reasoning and analogical reasoning) to explain the vari…
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Structuring students’ analogical reasoning in solving algebra problem Open
The average achievement of Indonesian students' mathematics skills according to Benchmark International Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is ranked at the 38th out of 42 countries and according to the survey result in Program…
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Exploration of Creative Mathematical Reasoning in Solving Geometric Problems Open
Reasoning that is constructed from remembering is imitative reasoning, while the opposite is creative reasoning. This study aims to explore creative mathematical reasoning in solving geometric problems. Mathematical creative reasoning is r…
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The complex associations between scientific reasoning and advanced theory of mind Open
This 6‐wave longitudinal study (2014–2018) of 161 German 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds from a midsized city and rural area in southern Germany (89 females, 72 males; predominantly White; mostly middle class) found that scientific‐reasoning abilities …
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Analogy-Enhanced Instruction: Effects on Reasoning Skills in Science. Open
The study examined the reasoning skills of first year high school students after learning general science concepts through analogies. Two intact heterogeneous sections were randomly assigned to Analogy-Enhanced Instruction (AEI) group and …
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Using Analogies in Teaching Physics: A Study on Latvian Teachers' Views and Experience Open
The role of analogies as tools for teaching difficult science concepts has been widely discussed in science education. The application of analogies in the context of sustainable education involves richer potential. The purposeful use of ap…