Normal fault
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River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: an example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece Open
Topography is a reflection of the tectonic and geodynamic processes that act to uplift the Earth's surface and the erosional processes that work to return it to base level. Numerous studies have shown that topography is a sensitive recorde…
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Generic along‐strike segmentation of <span>A</span>far normal faults, <span>E</span>ast <span>A</span>frica: Implications on fault growth and stress heterogeneity on seismogenic fault planes Open
Understanding how natural faults are segmented along their length can provide useful insights into fault growth processes, stress distribution on fault planes, and earthquake dynamics. We use cumulative displacement profiles to analyze the…
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Basement Fault Reactivation by Fluid Injection Into Sedimentary Reservoirs: Poroelastic Effects Open
To investigate mechanisms of seismic fault reactivation in crystalline basement in response to fluid injection in overlying sedimentary reservoirs, we conducted three‐dimensional finite element simulations to assess the effects of direct p…
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Creep and locking of a low‐angle normal fault: Insights from the Altotiberina fault in the Northern Apennines (Italy) Open
While low‐angle normal faults have been recognized worldwide from geological studies, whether these structures are active or capable of generating big earthquakes is still debated. We provide new constraints on the role and modes of the Al…
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Faults Geometry and the Role of Fluids in the 2016–2017 Central Italy Seismic Sequence Open
The 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence ruptured overlapping normal faults of the Apennines mountain chain, in nine earthquakes with magnitude Mw > 5 within a few months. Here we investigate the structure of the fault system using an …
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Normal fault growth and linkage in the Gediz (Alaşehir) Graben, Western Turkey, revealed by transient river long‐profiles and slope‐break knickpoints Open
The Gediz (Alaşehir) Graben is located in the highly tectonically active and seismogenic region of Western Turkey. The rivers upstream of the normal fault‐bounded graben each contain a non‐lithologic knickpoint, including those that drain …
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Normal fault 3D geometry and displacement revisited: Insights from faults in the Norwegian Barents Sea Open
Utilizing seismic attributes, we image fault 3D geometry for 21 normal faults of different sizes in the Norwegian Barents Sea. We revisit the published models of fault shape and growth using the new dataset. Based on the maximum accumulate…
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The<span>CE</span>1303 Hongdong Earthquake and the Huoshan Piedmont Fault, Shanxi Graben: Implications for Magnitude Limits of Normal Fault Earthquakes Open
The CE 1303 Hongdong earthquake, with ~270,000 deaths, has been suggested as the first magnitude 8 earthquake recorded in North China. We use 31 AMS‐14C ages to date earthquakes recorded in the Huoshan Piedmont Fault, which is interpreted …
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Mixed‐Mode Slip Behavior of the Altotiberina Low‐Angle Normal Fault System (Northern Apennines, Italy) through High‐Resolution Earthquake Locations and Repeating Events Open
We generated a 4.5‐year‐long (2010–2014) high‐resolution earthquake catalogue, composed of ~37,000 events with M L < 3.9 and M C = 0.5 completeness magnitude, to report on the seismic activity of the Altotiberina (ATF) low‐angle normal fau…
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Poroelastic models for fault reactivation in response to concurrent injection and production in stacked reservoirs Open
Concurrent production and injection in stacked reservoirs as commonly conducted in unconventional resource exploitation potentially influences reactivation of nearby faults. Using three-dimensional, fully-coupled poroelastic finite-element…
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The Zuccale Fault, Elba Island, Italy: A new perspective from fault architecture Open
The Zuccale Fault, central-eastern Elba Island, has been regarded since the 1990s as a low-angle
\nnormal fault that records Neogene crustal extension in the inner (Tyrrhenian side) portion of the northern
\nApennines. The flat-lying attit…
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Role of geometric barriers in irregular-rupture evolution during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake Open
Geometric discontinuities within fault systems known as geometric barriers contribute to irregular rupture evolutions during earthquakes. We applied a hybrid backprojection method to high-frequency teleseismic P-waveforms to investigate th…
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The Relationships Between Regional Quaternary Uplift, Deformation Across Active Normal Faults, and Historical Seismicity in the Upper Plate of Subduction Zones: The Capo D'Orlando Fault, NE Sicily Open
In order to investigate the deformation within the upper plate of the Calabrian subduction zone, we have mapped and modeled a sequence of Late Quaternary paleoshorelines tectonically deformed by the Capo D'Orlando normal fault, NE Sicily, …
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Postinjection Normal Closure of Fractures as a Mechanism for Induced Seismicity Open
Understanding the controlling mechanisms underlying injection‐induced seismicity is important for optimizing reservoir productivity and addressing seismicity‐related concerns related to hydraulic stimulation in Enhanced Geothermal Systems.…
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Fault Planes, Fault Zone Structure and Detachment Fragmentation Resolved With High‐Precision Aftershock Locations of the 2016–2017 Central Italy Sequence Open
Three devastating earthquakes of M W ≥ 5.9 activated a complex system of high‐angle normal, antithetic, and sub‐horizontal detachment faults during the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence. Waveform cross‐correlation based double‐diffe…
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The Role of Coseismic Coulomb Stress Changes in Shaping the Hard Link Between Normal Fault Segments Open
The mechanism and evolution of fault linkage is important in the growth and development of large faults. Here we investigate the role of coseismic stress changes in shaping the hard links between parallel normal fault segments (or faults),…
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Which Fault Segments Ruptured in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Which Did Not? New Evidence from Near‐Fault 3D Surface Displacements Derived from SAR Image Offsets Open
The 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured a complex thrust-faulting system at the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau and west of Sichuan basin. Though the earthquake has been extensively studied, several details about the earthquake, s…
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Uplift and tilting of the Shackleton Range in East Antarctica driven by glacial erosion and normal faulting Open
Unravelling the long‐term evolution of the subglacial landscape of Antarctica is vital for understanding past ice sheet dynamics and stability, particularly in marine‐based sectors of the ice sheet. Here we model the evolution of the bedro…
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The role of basement-involved normal faults in the recent tectonics of western Taiwan Open
In the foreland area of western Taiwan, some of the pre-orogenic basement-involved normal faults were reactivated during the subsequent compressional tectonics. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the role played by the pre-ex…
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Displacement Accumulation and Sampling of Paleoearthquakes on Active Normal Faults of Crete in the Eastern Mediterranean Open
Active normal faults on the Mediterranean island of Crete form prominent limestone scarps together with basin and range topography. These faults mainly strike E‐ESE and N‐NNE in southern and northern Crete, respectively, with fault sets co…
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Mechanical Implications of Creep and Partial Coupling on the World's Fastest Slipping Low‐Angle Normal Fault in Southeastern Papua New Guinea Open
We use densely spaced campaign GPS observations and laboratory friction experiments on fault rocks from one of the world's most rapidly slipping low‐angle normal faults, the Mai'iu fault in Papua New Guinea, to investigate the nature of in…
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Fault-induced mechanical anisotropy and its effects on fracture patterns in crystalline rocks Open
We used drone-acquired orthophotographs to map the 2D-networks of fractures transecting the Mesoproterozoic Rapakivi granites in southern Finland. The work aims at understanding i) how discrete faults and the kinematically linked syn-fault…
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On the mechanical behaviour of a low-angle normal fault: the Alto Tiberina fault (Northern Apennines, Italy) system case study Open
Geological and seismological observations have been used to parameterize 2-D numerical elastic models to simulate the interseismic deformation of a complex extensional fault system located in the Northern Apennines (Italy). The geological …
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Complex Fault Geometry of the 2020 M<sub>ww</sub> 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada, Earthquake Sequence Open
On 15 May 2020 an Mww 6.5 earthquake occurred beneath the Monte Cristo Range in the Mina Deflection region of western Nevada. Rapid deployment of eight temporary seismic stations enabled detailed analysis of its productive and slowly decay…
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Dynamic weakening along incipient low-angle normal faults in pelagic limestones (Southern Apennines, Italy) Open
Slip along low-angle normal faults is a mechanical paradox requiring activation of strain weakening mechanisms. Microstructures present in the slip zones of incipient low-angle normal faults cutting carbonates in the Southern Apennines of …
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Numerical simulation of the stress field and fault sealing of complex fault combinations in Changning area, Southern Sichuan Basin, China Open
In order to quantitatively study the impact of faults on shale gas productivity, taking Changning area in the south of Sichuan Basin as an example, this study analyzes the impact of fault scale and strike on shale gas productivity under co…
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Throw partitioning across normal fault zones in the Ptolemais Basin, Greece Open
The total throw across a fault zone may not occur entirely on a single fault strand but may be distributed onto several strands or may be accommodated by distributed deformation within or adjacent to the fault zone. Here we conduct a quant…
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The Dynamics of Unlikely Slip: 3D Modeling of Low‐Angle Normal Fault Rupture at the Mai'iu Fault, Papua New Guinea Open
Despite decades‐long debate over the mechanics of low‐angle normal faults (LANFs) dipping less than 30°, many questions about their strength, stress, and slip remain unresolved. Recent geologic and geophysical observations have confirmed t…
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Out of phase Quaternary uplift-rate changes reveal normal fault interaction, implied by deformed marine palaeoshorelines Open
We have mapped and constrained the timing of tectonically deformed uplifted Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines in the Messina Strait, southern Italy, an area above a subduction zone containing active normal faults. The palaeoshorelines are p…
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The Egiin Davaa prehistoric rupture, central Mongolia: a large magnitude normal faulting earthquake on a reactivated fault with little cumulative slip located in a slowly deforming intraplate setting Open
The prehistoric Egiin Davaa earthquake rupture is well-preserved in late Quaternary deposits within the Hangay Mountains of central Mongolia. The rupture is expressed by a semi-continuous 80 km-long topographic scarp. Geomorphological reco…