Airway hyperresponsiveness
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Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for non‐T2 asthma Open
Non‐T2 asthma is traditionally defined as asthma without features of T2 asthma. The definition is arbitrary and is generally based on the presence of neutrophils in sputum, or the absence (or normal levels) of eosinophils or other T2 marke…
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Calcium-sensing receptor antagonists abrogate airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in allergic asthma Open
Calcilytics reduce airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and may represent effective asthma therapeutics.
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ERS technical standard on bronchial challenge testing: pathophysiology and methodology of indirect airway challenge testing Open
Recently, this international task force reported the general considerations for bronchial challenge testing and the performance of the methacholine challenge test, a “direct” airway challenge test. Here, the task force provides an updated …
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Mechanisms of airway hyper‐responsiveness in asthma: the past, present and yet to come Open
Summary Airway hyper‐responsiveness ( AHR ) has long been considered a cardinal feature of asthma. The development of the measurement of AHR 40 years ago initiated many important contributions to our understanding of asthma and other airwa…
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Transforming Growth Factor β1 Function in Airway Remodeling and Hyperresponsiveness. The Missing Link? Open
The pathogenesis of asthma includes a complex interplay among airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Current evidence suggests that airway structural cells, including bronchial smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, fibrob…
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Benralizumab: a unique IL-5 inhibitor for severe asthma Open
The presence of eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of chronic and acute inflammation in asthma. An estimated 5%-10% of the 300 million people worldwide who suffer from asthma have a severe form. Patients with eosinophili…
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Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: The role of the epithelium Open
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a key clinical feature of asthma. The presence of AHR in people with asthma provides the substrate for bronchoconstriction in response to numerous diverse stimuli, contributing to airflow limitation and …
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DP <sub>2</sub> antagonism reduces airway smooth muscle mass in asthma by decreasing eosinophilia and myofibroblast recruitment Open
Cellular and computational models and bronchial biopsies from asthma patients show that a DP 2 antagonist reduces airway smooth muscle mass in asthma.
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Mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticide toxicity in the context of airway hyperreactivity and asthma Open
Numerous epidemiologic studies have identified an association between occupational exposures to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and asthma or asthmatic symptoms in adults. Emerging epidemiologic data suggest that environmentally relevant…
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Hyaluronan mediates airway hyperresponsiveness in oxidative lung injury Open
Chlorine (Cl 2 ) inhalation induces severe oxidative lung injury and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) that lead to asthmalike symptoms. When inhaled, Cl 2 reacts with epithelial lining fluid, forming by-products that damage hyaluronan, a c…
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Airway hyperresponsiveness; smooth muscle as the principal actor Open
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a defining characteristic of asthma that refers to the capacity of the airways to undergo exaggerated narrowing in response to stimuli that do not result in comparable degrees of airway narrowing in heal…
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Celastrol Alleviates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inhibits Th17 Responses in Obese Asthmatic Mice Open
Severe airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a clinical feature of asthma, which has been associated with obesity and has shown a poor response to standard asthma treatments such as glucocorticoids. Numerous studies have shown that Interleuk…
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Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness in a Murine Model of Asthma Open
Rosmarinic acid (RA) has numerous pharmacologic effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive activity of RA in a murine model of asthma and to investigate its possib…
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Location of eosinophils in the airway wall is critical for specific features of airway hyperresponsiveness and T2 inflammation in asthma Open
Background Eosinophils are implicated as effector cells in asthma, but the functional implications of the precise location of eosinophils in the airway wall is poorly understood. We aimed to quantify eosinophils in the different compartmen…
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The MIF Antagonist ISO-1 Attenuates Corticosteroid-Insensitive Inflammation and Airways Hyperresponsiveness in an Ozone-Induced Model of COPD Open
MIF and HIF-1α levels are elevated in COPD BAL macrophages and inhibition of MIF function blocks corticosteroid-insensitive lung inflammation and AHR. Inhibition of MIF may provide a novel anti-inflammatory approach in COPD.
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Serum IL-33 Is Elevated in Children with Asthma and Is Associated with Disease Severity Open
Background: The role of IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family, in airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma has still to be fully understood. Objectives: This study is aimed at investigating serum IL-33 in children with asthma and its association…
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Molecular Mechanisms of Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a Murine Model of Steroid-Resistant Airway Inflammation Open
IL-13 and IL-17A, produced mainly by Th2 and Th17 cells, respectively, have an influential role in asthma pathogenesis. We examined the role of IL-13 and IL-17A in mediating airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation, and mucus me…
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Role of Estrogen Receptors α and β in a Murine Model of Asthma: Exacerbated Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Remodeling in ERβ Knockout Mice Open
Epidemiological data suggests increased prevalence of asthma in females than males, suggesting a plausible role for sex-steroids, especially estrogen in the lungs. Estrogen primarily acts through estrogen-receptors (ERα and ERβ), which pla…
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STIM1 is a core trigger of airway smooth muscle remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma Open
Significance Stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) proteins are essential for the function of store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). Using transcriptomics, metabolomics, imaging, and inducible smooth muscle–specific STIM1 knockout mice expres…
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Sesamol Alleviates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Mice Open
Sesamol, isolated from sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum), was previously shown to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Sesamol also inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammatory response in rats. …
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Small airway hyperresponsiveness in COPD: relationship between structure and function in lung slices Open
The direct relationship between pulmonary structural changes and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. We investigated AHR in relation to airway and parenchymal structural changes in a…
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Differential effects of formaldehyde exposure on airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice Open
Epidemiological evidence suggests that formaldehyde (FA) exposure may influence the prevalence and severity of allergic asthma. However, the role of genetic background in FA-induced asthma-like responses is poorly understood. In the presen…
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An extracellular matrix fragment drives epithelial remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness Open
The matrikine PGP is a mediator of pathological epithelial remodeling in asthma.
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The Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula mKG on Allergic Asthma by Regulating Lung and Plasma Metabolic Alternations Open
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway and is characterized by airway remodeling, hyperresponsiveness, and shortness of breath. Modified Kushen Gancao Formula (mKG), derived from traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCM),…
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Putting the Squeeze on Airway Epithelia Open
Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and progressive airway remodeling. The airway epithelium is known to play a critical role in the initiation and perpetuation of these processes. Here, we review h…
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Mimicking Antigen-Driven Asthma in Rodent Models—How Close Can We Get? Open
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with increasing prevalence worldwide characterized by chronic airway inflammation, increased mucus secretion and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The phenotypic heterogeneity among asthmatic patients is acco…
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Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) Channel and Neurogenic Inflammation in Pathogenesis of Asthma Open
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and it affects 300 million people worldwide. However, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie asthma rema…
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Eosinophil depletion with benralizumab is associated with attenuated mannitol airway hyperresponsiveness in severe uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma Open
Eosinophil depletion results in clinically meaningful attenuated AHR in severe uncontrolled asthma patients.
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HDAC8 inhibitor attenuates airway responses to antigen stimulus through synchronously suppressing galectin-3 expression and reducing macrophage-2 polarization Open
Background This study was to investigate of the mechanism by which histone deacetylase (HDAC) 8 inhibitor ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation. Methods Mice were sensitized and then treated with bud…
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TNF-stimulated gene 6 promotes formation of hyaluronan–inter-α-inhibitor heavy chain complexes necessary for ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness Open
Exposure to pollutants, such as ozone, exacerbates airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR). TNF-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) is required to transfer inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains (HC) to hyaluronan (HA), facilitating HA receptor bi…