Modern language
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A Null Theory of Creole Formation Based on Universal Grammar Open
Creole languages are typically the linguistic side effects of the creation of global economies based on the forced migration and labor of enslaved Africans toiling in European colonies in the Americas. Section 1 addresses terminological an…
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World Englishes or English as a Lingua Franca: Where does English in China stand? Open
As the English language spreads and functions as an international language, scholars have been investigating some of the ideological issues behind the function and use of English in various contexts, and have pondered the future status of …
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“How Is My English?”: Chinese University Students’ Attitudes Toward China English and Their Identity Construction Open
Due to the spread of the English language in various domains and the fact that English is used as a global language, researchers and educators have started to rethink the models and aims of English language teaching in different settings. …
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American and/or British influence on L2 Englishes – Does context tip the scale(s)? Open
Taking Mair’s (2013) World System of Englishes as a starting point, this chapter seeks to investigate whether American English is a more important source of influence than British English for the other varieties of English, including Engli…
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Englishes in the Expanding Circle: Focus on Asia Open
In Kachrus original classification, the countries of the Expanding Circle were those where English was learned primarily as a foreign language in schools. English did not play an institutional role within the country. As such they were nor…
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A Brief Historical Perspective of English in Saudi Arabia Open
This chapter presents a brief historical perspective of the teaching and learning of the English language in Saudi Arabia. Historically, English was introduced for the first time in Saudi Arabia in the late 1920s, at which time the languag…
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The Arabic Language: A Latin of Modernity? Open
Standard Arabic is directly derived from the language of the Quran. The Arabic language of the holy book of Islam is seen as the prescriptive benchmark of correctness for the use and standardization of Arabic. As such, this standard langua…
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Implications of English as an International Language for Language Pedagogy Open
The position of the English language in the world has recently underwent an enormous shift. The global spread of English has altered its status from being a homogeneous and standard language spoken by a few powerful countries into an inter…
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A Foreign Language or the Second Language: The Future of English in Bangladesh Open
Bangladesh does not have an official second language. However, apart from Bangla, English is the only other language widely used in the country. There has been a sustained debate whether English is a foreign language (EFL) or English is th…
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There is no Alternative! Student Perceptions of Learning in a Second Language in Lebanon Open
Since 1997, children in Lebanese state schools are taught most of the curriculum in English or French. The children’s first language, Arabic, may be used even less in private schools, which educate 70% of children. In many countries, mothe…
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Lingua Franca English of South Africa Open
The process of globalization in modern world has affected all spheres of our life – politics, economy and culture. To realize these processes people should have a common means of communication – a lingua franca. The English language has be…
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Reframing Language Roles in Moroccan Higher Education: Context and Implications of the Advent of English Open
Morocco is a multilingual society where different languages are in use. Besides the national and official languages, Moroccans also use a number of foreign languages among which are French, Spanish, and English. Over the last few years, fo…
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The question of school language in multilingual societies: the example of Ghana Open
The language used in school represents a crucial and polemic question in multilingual societies. Sub-Saharan Africa represents a world region with a significant linguistic diversity. Until recently, most of these countries were European co…
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Statistical Modeling of Creole Genesis Open
Creole languages do not fit into the traditional tree model of evolutionary history because multiple languages are involved in their formation.In this paper, we present several statistical models to explore the nature of creole genesis.Aft…
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Teaching and learning English in the Arabic-speaking world Open
In response to a demand by government authorities to significantly improve educational practices in the UAE, and to simultaneously Emiratize and professionalize the teaching profession (Mograby, 1999; UAE Ministry of Education and Youth, 2…
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Problems of Teaching Arabic Language to non-native speakers and its methodological solutions Open
Teaching Arabic to non-Arabs in non-Arab Islamic countries, especially in South-East Asia, is different to Arabs in their Arab countries. Arab environment differs to the non-Arab environment, because Arabic is taught in the Arab countries …
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Evaluating the pertinence of foreign languages (German, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Italian) in Cameroon’s education curriculum: needs for reform of the curriculum and language in education policy Open
The ongoing debate regarding the decolonisation of Africa should focus primarily on the domain of education, as ideologies about languages are reflected, implemented and reproduced in the language in education policy (LIEP) of a country. M…
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English as First Foreign Language, French as Second Foreign Language in China: Policy and Practice Open
English as First Foreign Language, French as Second Foreign Language in China: Policy and Practice, Xingzi ZHANG Abstract In recent years, increasing numbers of Chinese citizens are learning French, which is one of the most popular second …
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Language Choice and Attitudes towards French and English: Moroccan High School Students in Consideration Open
This study aims to investigate language choice and language attitudes towards French and English among Moroccan high school students. The Moroccan society is known for its diverse linguistic map which includes both national and foreign lan…
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The Arabic Language Contribution to The Istinbāṭ in Islamic Law of Acehnese Scholars Open
This article discusses the contribution of the Arabic language to the istinbāṭ in Islamic law of Acehnese scholars. The purpose of this journal is to identify the contribution of the Arabic language to the practice of Islamic law. This res…
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British English and American English: History and Differences Open
The research discusses the history of both British English and American English. The main goal is to find how far the history of American English is originated in British English. The research also sheds light on the historical factors bey…
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The Making of Languages and New Literacies: San Andrés-Providence Creole with a View on Jamaican and Haitian Open
The aim of this paper is to examine the idea of «language making» and new literacies in creole languages with a focus on San Andrés-Providence Creole English. Jamaican and Haitian Creole are taken as points of comparison for their more adv…
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English as North Germanic Open
The present article is a summary of the book English: The Language of the Vikings by Joseph E. Emonds and Jan Terje Faarlund. The major claim of the book and of this article is that there are lexical and, above all, syntactic arguments in …
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Decolonising Arabic Language Teaching: A Case Study Open
Since the early 2000s Arabic has become an increasingly popular language at academic level across Europe and North America, with high numbers of students enrolling on a variety of programmes offering Modern Standard Arabic – as well as loc…
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MODERN APPROACHES TO TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES AT FRENCH UNIVERSITIES Open
The article deals with modern approaches to teaching foreign languages at French universities, existing problems and modern challenges due to historical, social and cultural factors. The modern language and foreign language approaches to a…
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The Influence of Technology and Innovation in Online Teaching Arabic as a Second Language in Dubai Open
Arabic as a second language (ASL) is an upcoming social exploration area in Dubai and the larger UAE (Alfataftah & Jarrar, 2018). However, there is insufficient literature on the subject. Teaching and learning ASL is the subject of increas…
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Non-Native English Teachers and Varieties of English: Ready, or Not? Open
Language is dynamic. And thus, for English as an international language, it keeps on changing and developing over time. Now there are more non-native English speakers compared to native speakers around the world. Thus, intelligibility beco…
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The Status and Future of Arabic Use amid Colonial Languages in the Arab World in Times of Globalization and Advanced Technology: A Political and Sociolinguistic Approach Open
This paper studies the languages and cultures that are commonly present in individual and collective practices of the Arab world, to understand the extent to which the identity and the linguistic approach in the region are affected by the …
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Kormakiti Arabic: A study of language decay and language death Open
Kormakiti Arabic (also called Cypriot Maronite Arabic) is a language with approximately 150–200 speakers in Kormakitis, a village north-western Cyprus. Kormakiti Arabic is highly endangered, not only due to its low number of speakers but m…
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The Ideology of American English as Standard English in Taiwan Open
English language teaching and learning in Taiwan usually refers to American English teaching and learning. Taiwan views American English as Standard English. This is a strictly perceptual and ideological issue, as attested in the language …