Chronic toxicity
View article
Kidney and heavy metals - The role of environmental exposure Open
Heavy metals are extensively used in agriculture and industrial applications such as production of pesticides, batteries, alloys, and textile dyes. Prolonged, intensive or excessive exposure can induce related systemic disorders. Kidney is…
View article
A lung/liver-on-a-chip platform for acute and chronic toxicity studies Open
A lung/liver-on-a-chip platform with metabolic capability over 28 days: a fit-for-purpose microfluidic system for toxicity assessment of pulmonary toxicants.
View article
Toxicological interactions induced by chronic exposure to gold nanoparticles and microplastics mixtures in Daphnia magna Open
The effects of emerging environmental contaminants on human and environmental health is of high concern, especially those potentially induced by mixtures. The main goal of the present study was to assess the chronic effects of mixtures of …
View article
Effect of Heavy Metals on Fishes: Toxicity and Bioaccumulation Open
Heavy metal pollution is a serious problem for the environment due to their toxicity, persistency, bioaccumulation, and bio magnifications property. Heavy metal contamination in the environment can occur from different natural and anthropo…
View article
Primary and Secondary Plastic Particles Exhibit Limited Acute Toxicity but Chronic Effects on <i>Daphnia magna</i> Open
Nanoplastics (NPs; Daphnia magna, to investigate the chronic effects of model primary NPs, fluorescent polystyrene nanospheres (PS-NPs; 20 nm), and water leachate of weathered single-use plastics that contained micro- and nanosized particl…
View article
Groundwater contamination with cadmium concentrations in some West U.P. Regions, India Open
Water is considered a vital resource because it is necessary for all aspects of human and ecosystem survival. However, due to natural processes and anthropogenic activities, various pollutants have been added to the ground water system. Am…
View article
Comparative dissolution, uptake, and toxicity of zinc oxide particles in individual aquatic species and mixed populations Open
Potential differences in species susceptibility to nanoparticle (NP) contaminants make the use of multispecies community toxicity testing strategies beneficial in understanding NP risk to aquatic environments. Because of the limited knowle…
View article
Toxic impact of polystyrene microplastic particles in freshwater organisms Open
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is leading to an increase of the global production of plastics since the use of personal protective equipment (PPEs, i.e. gloves, gowns, masks, packaging items), has become mandatory to prevent the spread of t…
View article
Pesticide mixtures show potential toxicity to aquatic life in U.S. streams, water years 2013–2017 Open
During water years (WY) 2013-2017, the U.S. Geological Survey, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project, sampled the National Water Quality Network - Rivers and Streams (NWQN) year-round and reported on 221 pesticides at 72 sites …
View article
Time-to-death approach to reveal chronic and cumulative toxicity of a fungicide for honeybees not revealed with the standard ten-day test Open
Synthetic fungicides are pesticides widely used in agriculture to control phytopathogenic fungi. The systemicity, persistency and intense application of some of these fungicides, such as boscalid, leads to long periods of exposure for hone…
View article
Chronic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Six Metals (Ag, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to the Great Pond Snail <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i> Open
Although metal-mixture toxicity has recently received increasing attention, there is still insufficient knowledge on joint effects occurring in chronic exposures to relatively low metal concentrations. We characterized the chronic toxicity…
View article
ARSENIC: IT’S TOXICITY AND IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH Open
Water pollution is a major problem in modern life.Almost all the heavy metals are toxic at higher concentrations and some are lethalat very low concentration.Arsenic is a naturally occurring element present in water, food and soil, but now…
View article
Safety of menstrual blood-derived stromal cell transplantation in treatment of intrauterine adhesion Open
There is no acute, sub-chronic, or chronic poisoning, infection, tumorigenesis, or endometriosis in rats with IUA after MenSC transplantation. The above results suggest that intrauterine transplantation of MenSCs is safe for endometrial tr…
View article
A review of important heavy metals toxicity with special emphasis on nephrotoxicity and its management in cattle Open
Toxicity with heavy metals has proven to be a significant hazard with several health problems linked to it. Heavy metals bioaccumulate in living organisms, pollute the food chain, and possibly threaten the health of animals. Many industrie…
View article
Re‐evaluation of the existing health‐based guidance values for copper and exposure assessment from all sources Open
Copper is an essential micronutrient and also a regulated product used in organic and in conventional farming pest management. Both deficiency and excessive exposure to copper can have adverse health effects. In this Scientific Opinion, th…
View article
Perfluorohexanoic acid toxicity, part I: Development of a chronic human health toxicity value for use in risk assessment Open
Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) is a short-chain, six-carbon perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) and is a primary impurity, degradant, and metabolite associated with the short-chain fluorotelomer-based chemistry used globally today. The transition t…
View article
Iron Load Toxicity in Medicine: From Molecular and Cellular Aspects to Clinical Implications Open
Iron is essential for all organisms and cells. Diseases of iron imbalance affect billions of patients, including those with iron overload and other forms of iron toxicity. Excess iron load is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases a…
View article
Chronic Effects of Diazinon® Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus Open
Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the or…
View article
Evaluation of acute-to-chronic ratios of fish and Daphnia to predict acceptable no-effect levels Open
The result suggests that an acute-to-chronic extrapolation factor of 100 is protective for more than 90 % of the chemicals. Polar narcosis may represent a predictor for an increased ACR and an increased uncertainty of the approach. The res…
View article
In vivo Bio-Distribution and Toxicity Evaluation of Polymeric and Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: A Potential Approach for Chronic Diseases Treatment Open
This work demonstrates no general adverse effects upon the studied NPs repeated-dose exposure, indicating the most promising NPs to be used in the different therapeutic circumstances, which may be useful in chronic diseases treatment.
View article
Integrated review of the nexus between toxic elements in the environment and human health Open
Emerging pollutants in the environment due to economic development have become a global challenge for environmental and human health management. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), a major group of pollutants, have been detected in soil, ai…
View article
Review of the environmental fate and effects of two UV filter substances used in cosmetic products Open
Sunscreens containing UV filters, such as octocrylene (OCR) and butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM), have been increasingly used to protect human skin against UV radiation. Both substances have been detected in monitoring studies in the …
View article
Protective effects of resveratrol on biomarkers of oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological changes induced by sub-chronic oral glyphosate-based herbicide in rats Open
The aim of this sub-chronic toxicity study is to determine the protective effects of Resveratrol (Res) on oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological changes induced by glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in the blood, brain, heart, l…
View article
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Cobalt to Freshwater Organisms: Using a Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Establish International Water Quality Standards Open
Water quality standards for cobalt (Co) have not been developed for the European Union or United States. The objective of the present study was to produce freshwater Co toxicity data that could be used by both the European Union and the Un…
View article
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Carbamazepine on the Release of Chitobiase, Molting, and Reproduction in Daphnia similis Open
As one of the most frequently detected pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments, carbamazepine (CBZ) has recently been shown to cause acute and chronic toxicity in a variety of non-target aquatic organisms. However, little is known…
View article
Heavy metal toxicity in poultry: a comprehensive review Open
Arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) have been recognized as most toxic heavy metals that are continuously released into the environment, both from natural sources and from anthropogenic production of fertilizers, indust…
View article
Natural Dietary Compounds in the Treatment of Arsenic Toxicity Open
Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) compounds leads to its accumulation in the body, with skin lesions and cancer being the most typical outcomes. Treating As-induced diseases continues to be challenging as there is no specific, safe, and eff…
View article
Mixture toxicity in the Erft River: assessment of ecological risks and toxicity drivers Open
Background A vast number of chemical substances are released into the aquatic environment, leading to complex chemical mixtures in surface waters. Current water quality assessments, however, are based on the risk assessment of single subst…
View article
Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel on freshwater and marine tropical aquatic organisms Open
Water quality guidelines and ecological risk assessment of chemical substances like nickel (Ni) in tropical regions such as South East Asia and Melanesia are often based on temperate information as a result of fewer Ni ecotoxicity data ava…
View article
Chemical profile and in vivo toxicity evaluation of unripe Citrus aurantifolia essential oil Open
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (syn. C. MEDICA var. ACIDA Brandis) (family: Rutaceae) essential oil is one of the cheapest oils found in local markets. Although, it is generally accepted as non-toxic to vital organs and cells, majo…