Torture
View article: On a Pedestal? Violations of Civil Liberties in the United States and Hypocritical Justice
On a Pedestal? Violations of Civil Liberties in the United States and Hypocritical Justice Open
This paper examines how the United States, while promoting democracy and human rights abroad, has repeatedly violated civil liberties at home—especially when national security concerns dominate public discourse. Drawing on the concept of t…
View article: The Persecution of Filipe Martins: A Critical Analysis of Judicial Overreach in Contemporary Brazil
The Persecution of Filipe Martins: A Critical Analysis of Judicial Overreach in Contemporary Brazil Open
This paper examines the case of Filipe Martins, former advisor to the Brazilian presidency, whose prosecution represents a concerning departure from established principles of criminal procedure and constitutional law. Through analysis of t…
View article: NON-BAILABLE OFFENCES, PRE-TRIAL DETENTION, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE
NON-BAILABLE OFFENCES, PRE-TRIAL DETENTION, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE Open
Pre-trial detention under non-bailable offence classifications represents one of the most severe intrusions on personal liberty within modern legal systems. Although formally justified as a procedural necessity, prolonged detention of unco…
View article: NON-BAILABLE OFFENCES, PRE-TRIAL DETENTION, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE
NON-BAILABLE OFFENCES, PRE-TRIAL DETENTION, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE Open
Pre-trial detention under non-bailable offence classifications represents one of the most severe intrusions on personal liberty within modern legal systems. Although formally justified as a procedural necessity, prolonged detention of unco…
View article: Dom João Periya Pandara’s Deed of Gift: Confirmed by the Colombo Council
Dom João Periya Pandara’s Deed of Gift: Confirmed by the Colombo Council Open
Following the death of King Dharmapala, also known as Dom João Periya Pandara of the Kotte Kingdom, the Portuguese emerged as the dominant power in Sri Lanka. They became the rulers of the ancient Kotte Kingdom, which extended from the Kal…
View article: Transfer of Russian Officers Serving in the Armenian Army, and Armenian Officers in the Armed Forces of Southern Russia in 1918-1920
Transfer of Russian Officers Serving in the Armenian Army, and Armenian Officers in the Armed Forces of Southern Russia in 1918-1920 Open
The authors consider the history of the transfer of Russian officers who served in the Armenian army, and Armenian officers who served in the armed forces of Southern Russia from 1918 to 1920. The article is based on archival sources, prim…
View article: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MISUSE OF DOWRY LAWS AGAINST MEN: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND SOCIAL IMPACTS IN INDIA AND THE UK
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MISUSE OF DOWRY LAWS AGAINST MEN: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND SOCIAL IMPACTS IN INDIA AND THE UK Open
Culturally sanctioned practices and abuses in marriage prompted the enactment of Anti Dowry Law (Dowry Prohibition Act 1961, IPC §498A) in India. Section 498A (1983) dowry related cruelty as a cognizable, non bailable, and non compoundable…
View article: Oaths and Orders: Navigating Wartime Medical Neutrality in Deanna Germain’s Reaching Past the Wire: A Nurse at Abu Ghraib
Oaths and Orders: Navigating Wartime Medical Neutrality in Deanna Germain’s Reaching Past the Wire: A Nurse at Abu Ghraib Open
This paper examines the ethical tension confronting the healthcare workers stationed at Abu Ghraib Prison, where the principles of humanitarian care dissolved under the pressure of state-sanctioned violence, preexisting structural violence…
View article: Stormont: from rights-based safeguards to political vetoes – has the intention of the Good Friday Agreement been turned on its head?
Stormont: from rights-based safeguards to political vetoes – has the intention of the Good Friday Agreement been turned on its head? Open
In a speech at the time of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement (GFA), Mary Robinson, then United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, remarked that the new Agreement was ‘conspicuous by the centrality it gives to equality and human right…
View article: Позитивні та негативні зобов’язання у практиці ЄСПЛ на прикладі статті 2 ЄКПЛ
Позитивні та негативні зобов’язання у практиці ЄСПЛ на прикладі статті 2 ЄКПЛ Open
It is indicated that the combination of positive and negative obligations of the state plays a key role in the protection of human rights. Considering such a basic right as the right to life (Article 2 of the European Convention on Human R…
View article: Gatekeeper of Rights V- Supranational Memory and Domestic Amnesia in Hungarian Rights Protections .
Gatekeeper of Rights V- Supranational Memory and Domestic Amnesia in Hungarian Rights Protections . Open
In November 2025, the European Parliament adopted its second interim report on Hungary under Article 7(1) TEU (415–193–28), reiterating its classification as a “hybrid regime of electoral autocracy” and calling for tougher use of condition…
View article: Analysis of Trends of Incidence of Crime in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Analysis of Trends of Incidence of Crime in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Open
Crime is one of the major challenges facing Nigeria today. The need to assess the patterns of incidence of crime rate is therefore essential for effective crime control and management. This paper examines the trends of incidence of crime i…
View article: Analysis of Trends of Incidence of Crime in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Analysis of Trends of Incidence of Crime in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Open
Crime is one of the major challenges facing Nigeria today. The need to assess the patterns of incidence of crime rate is therefore essential for effective crime control and management. This paper examines the trends of incidence of crime i…
View article: Gatekeeper of Rights V- Supranational Memory and Domestic Amnesia in Hungarian Rights Protections .
Gatekeeper of Rights V- Supranational Memory and Domestic Amnesia in Hungarian Rights Protections . Open
In November 2025, the European Parliament adopted its second interim report on Hungary under Article 7(1) TEU (415–193–28), reiterating its classification as a “hybrid regime of electoral autocracy” and calling for tougher use of condition…
View article: From Cicero to AI - The Need for a Legal Framework Recognizing the "Electronic Legal Person"
From Cicero to AI - The Need for a Legal Framework Recognizing the "Electronic Legal Person" Open
This article examines whether and under what conditions autonomous artificial intelligence systems could be recognized as subjects of law alongside natural and legal persons through the construct of an electronic legal person (ELP). Drawin…
View article: Dataset for "'I will say all the wicked things you want to hear': patterns of accusation, coercion and investigative direction in early witchcraft trials (Vaud, 1448–1465)"
Dataset for "'I will say all the wicked things you want to hear': patterns of accusation, coercion and investigative direction in early witchcraft trials (Vaud, 1448–1465)" Open
This dataset supports the under-review article "'I will say all the wicked things you want to hear': patterns of accusation, coercion and investigative direction in early witchcraft trials (Vaud, 1448–1465)" Study abstract: This study comb…
View article: Dataset for "'I will say all the wicked things you want to hear': patterns of accusation, coercion and investigative direction in early witchcraft trials (Vaud, 1448–1465)"
Dataset for "'I will say all the wicked things you want to hear': patterns of accusation, coercion and investigative direction in early witchcraft trials (Vaud, 1448–1465)" Open
This dataset supports the under-review article "'I will say all the wicked things you want to hear': patterns of accusation, coercion and investigative direction in early witchcraft trials (Vaud, 1448–1465)" Study abstract: This study comb…
View article: Law 101 in the Age of AI. Why Authorship is Now the Threshold Question for All Evidence.
Law 101 in the Age of AI. Why Authorship is Now the Threshold Question for All Evidence. Open
This paper addresses a structural crisis emerging across legal, regulatory, and institutional systems worldwide: the collapse of evidentiary certainty caused by AI-origin uncertainty. Once AI becomes capable of drafting, editing, or semant…
View article: Law 101 in the Age of AI. Why Authorship is Now the Threshold Question for All Evidence.
Law 101 in the Age of AI. Why Authorship is Now the Threshold Question for All Evidence. Open
This paper addresses a structural crisis emerging across legal, regulatory, and institutional systems worldwide: the collapse of evidentiary certainty caused by AI-origin uncertainty. Once AI becomes capable of drafting, editing, or semant…
View article: From Cicero to AI - The Need for a Legal Framework Recognizing the "Electronic Legal Person"
From Cicero to AI - The Need for a Legal Framework Recognizing the "Electronic Legal Person" Open
This article examines whether and under what conditions autonomous artificial intelligence systems could be recognized as subjects of law alongside natural and legal persons through the construct of an electronic legal person (ELP). Drawin…
View article: “Socialist Legality” and Interference in the Independence of the Judiciary in the 1950s
“Socialist Legality” and Interference in the Independence of the Judiciary in the 1950s Open
This article focuses on changes to the legal system made in the period from February 1949 onwards in connection with the so-called legal biennial in Czechoslovakia, namely in substantive and procedural criminal law. On one side, such chang…
View article: Reinterpreting the Geneva Conventions: The Bush Administration and the Legal Framework on Torture
Reinterpreting the Geneva Conventions: The Bush Administration and the Legal Framework on Torture Open
The rules and regulations established in the Geneva Conventions serve, in theory, to protect basic human rights during times of war, and are used to punish those found in violation. The Conventions regulate "the conduct of armed conflict a…
View article: Nasir turmoil: a litmus test for the fate of the revitalised peace agreement in South Sudan and the applicable law
Nasir turmoil: a litmus test for the fate of the revitalised peace agreement in South Sudan and the applicable law Open
The Nasir hostilities and their aftermath risk the collapse of the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan, with imminent return to another wave of civil war, which will jeopardise human rights and spark humanita…
View article: FROM ORDEALS TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW: OVERCOMING EVIDENCE THROUGH SUFFERING IN THE HISTORY OF THE TRIAL
FROM ORDEALS TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW: OVERCOMING EVIDENCE THROUGH SUFFERING IN THE HISTORY OF THE TRIAL Open
It was the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, in particular, that began the process of abolishing ordeals, evidentiary practices that combined faith and physical suffering as a means of revealing the truth. After this ecclesiastical assembly,…
View article: FROM ORDEALS TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW: OVERCOMING EVIDENCE THROUGH SUFFERING IN THE HISTORY OF THE TRIAL
FROM ORDEALS TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW: OVERCOMING EVIDENCE THROUGH SUFFERING IN THE HISTORY OF THE TRIAL Open
It was the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, in particular, that began the process of abolishing ordeals, evidentiary practices that combined faith and physical suffering as a means of revealing the truth. After this ecclesiastical assembly,…
View article: The Road, the Harbor, and the Map: Reading the Armenian Genocide Through Three Lenses
The Road, the Harbor, and the Map: Reading the Armenian Genocide Through Three Lenses Open
This lesson engages students with a World Historical Gazetteer place collection (https://whgazetteer.org/collections/244/browse_pl) that traces Veron Dumehjian Kherdian’s forced journey as depicted in "The Road from Home" (1979). Through t…
View article: The ancient area of Cheshme Ali is a proof of Ray civilization
The ancient area of Cheshme Ali is a proof of Ray civilization Open
The land of Ray is one of the ancient regions of Iran and the world, which has had importance and value beyond a city since the distant past due to various reasons. The location of this city on the route of the Silk Road, the climate suita…
View article: The ancient area of Cheshme Ali is a proof of Ray civilization
The ancient area of Cheshme Ali is a proof of Ray civilization Open
The land of Ray is one of the ancient regions of Iran and the world, which has had importance and value beyond a city since the distant past due to various reasons. The location of this city on the route of the Silk Road, the climate suita…
View article: The Scars of Empire: Achebe, Soyinka, and Coetzee's Ethics of Witnessing
The Scars of Empire: Achebe, Soyinka, and Coetzee's Ethics of Witnessing Open
This paper explores the intricate relationship between colonial legacies and the imperative of ethical witnessing in the works of three seminal postcolonial authors: Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, and J.M. Coetzee. Focusing on their distinct…
View article: The Scars of Empire: Achebe, Soyinka, and Coetzee's Ethics of Witnessing
The Scars of Empire: Achebe, Soyinka, and Coetzee's Ethics of Witnessing Open
This paper explores the intricate relationship between colonial legacies and the imperative of ethical witnessing in the works of three seminal postcolonial authors: Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, and J.M. Coetzee. Focusing on their distinct…