Midbrain
View article: Protocol for recording of neural activity in 3D midbrain organoids using a multiple-electrode array
Protocol for recording of neural activity in 3D midbrain organoids using a multiple-electrode array Open
View article: Cerebellum-Brainstem Model - Part 2
Cerebellum-Brainstem Model - Part 2 Open
In this model, the major subdivisions of the cerebellum can be examined. When we look from the tentorial surface, the cerebral aqueduct can be seen, and when we look posteriorly, the Foramen Luschka can be seen medially. Interpeduncular fo…
View article: Contralesional activity reflects compensation, while brainstem detour pathways support skilled motor recovery after stroke
Contralesional activity reflects compensation, while brainstem detour pathways support skilled motor recovery after stroke Open
Large strokes frequently result in lasting motor deficits and trigger extensive reorganization within the brain and spinal cord. Altered neuronal activity in the contralesional hemisphere has been documented in both humans and rodent model…
View article: Dopamine neuron dysfunction and loss in the PrknR275W mouse model of Juvenile Parkinsonism
Dopamine neuron dysfunction and loss in the PrknR275W mouse model of Juvenile Parkinsonism Open
TEM images of substantia nigra pars compacta of WT and PrknR275W mice at 6 months of age
View article: Whole Brain - Step 8
Whole Brain - Step 8 Open
After white-matter dissections, the anterior half of the corpus callosum fibers, the septum pellucidum, the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle, and the choroid plexus are visible through the anterior and posterior openings. Further down…
View article: Dopamine neuron dysfunction and loss in the PrknR275W mouse model of Juvenile Parkinsonism
Dopamine neuron dysfunction and loss in the PrknR275W mouse model of Juvenile Parkinsonism Open
TEM images of substantia nigra pars compacta of WT and PrknR275W mice at 6 months of age
View article: Hemisphere Model - Step 2
Hemisphere Model - Step 2 Open
With all arachnoid and vascular structures removed, the depth and height of sulci and gyri, corpus callosum and all segments, fornix, lateral and third ventricle and choroid plexus, anterior commissure, thalamus, olfactory and optic nerves…
View article: Hemisphere Model - Step 5
Hemisphere Model - Step 5 Open
Dissection of the posterior and medial orbital gyrus and posterior part of the gyrus rectus exposes the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, and lateral and medial olfactory striae. Following the lateral olfactory stria, the lateral olfactory …
View article: Hemisphere Model - Step 4
Hemisphere Model - Step 4 Open
White matter dissection around the ventricle reveals the posterior and temporal horns, atrium, and choroid plexus. Posterosuperiorly, tapetum and forceps major fibers are observed, with the hippocampus situated medially and calcar avis lat…
View article: Whole Brain - Step 4
Whole Brain - Step 4 Open
The precentral gyrus was preserved for landmark and short association fibers of other regions were dissected, except for medial orbital gyrus and gyrus rectus. The insular cortex is observed under the removal of the u fibers in the opercul…
View article: Subcortical alterations following pediatric posterior fossa brain tumor treatment: A longitudinal MRI study
Subcortical alterations following pediatric posterior fossa brain tumor treatment: A longitudinal MRI study Open
View article: Single-cell profiling identifies reward behavior-related neurons and alternations in the ventral tegmental area based on Arvcf-knockout mouse model
Single-cell profiling identifies reward behavior-related neurons and alternations in the ventral tegmental area based on Arvcf-knockout mouse model Open
View article: Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induced gene regulation for modulation of noradrenaline level in brain regions of rats: Implications with chronic sleep‐loss associated pathophysiological conditions
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induced gene regulation for modulation of noradrenaline level in brain regions of rats: Implications with chronic sleep‐loss associated pathophysiological conditions Open
Background Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) loss affects almost all physiological processes, while it itself is affected in disorders. REMS maintains optimum level of noradrenaline (NA) in a healthy individual, while increased NA during dis…
View article: Synaptic Changes in Mice Lacking Alpha- and Gamma-Synucleins
Synaptic Changes in Mice Lacking Alpha- and Gamma-Synucleins Open
Background: Alpha-synuclein is a key protein involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Its intermediate aggregated forms disturb the normal function of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Furthermore, the loss of intraneuronal connect…
View article: Clinical trial highlights: Dopamine cell-replacement therapies
Clinical trial highlights: Dopamine cell-replacement therapies Open
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterised by motor features, many of which relate to the loss of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. The use of grafted cells to replace the lost dopaminergic neu…
View article: The brain architecture of punishment learning
The brain architecture of punishment learning Open
Learning which actions cause harm is essential for survival, yet how the brain transforms this knowledge into adaptive control of behavior remains unclear. We combined whole-brain analysis, multisite chemogenetic silencing, spatial transcr…
View article: A preliminary study of subcortical gray matter nucleus volumetric and morphological changes in diabetic retinopathy
A preliminary study of subcortical gray matter nucleus volumetric and morphological changes in diabetic retinopathy Open
View article: Axonal Projections of Neurons in the Brainstem Mesopontine Tegmental Anesthesia Area (MPTA) That Effect Anesthesia, Enabling Pain-Free Surgery
Axonal Projections of Neurons in the Brainstem Mesopontine Tegmental Anesthesia Area (MPTA) That Effect Anesthesia, Enabling Pain-Free Surgery Open
Background/Objectives: Chemogenetic excitation of a distinct subset of “effector-neurons” in the brainstem mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA) is pro-anesthetic. GABAergic general anesthetics are believed to engage these neurons b…
View article: Neuromelanin-targeted 18F-P3BZA PET/MR imaging of the substantia nigra in rhesus macaques
Neuromelanin-targeted 18F-P3BZA PET/MR imaging of the substantia nigra in rhesus macaques Open
Background Neuromelanin is mostly located in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, and can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is a promising imaging-base biomarker for neurological diseases. We p…
View article: Protocol collection - Engineering functional ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons in human organoids through WNT modulation and bioreactor culture v1
Protocol collection - Engineering functional ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons in human organoids through WNT modulation and bioreactor culture v1 Open
Protocol collection - Engineering functional ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons in human organoids through WNT modulation and bioreactor culture
View article: Inverse Association of Locus Coeruleus <scp>MRI</scp> Integrity With Structural Volume and Its Impact on Individual's Inattentiveness
Inverse Association of Locus Coeruleus <span>MRI</span> Integrity With Structural Volume and Its Impact on Individual's Inattentiveness Open
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a nucleus within the brainstem associated with physiological arousal and altered structure and function in the context of neurological conditions. Pathologies related to difficulties with attention have previous…
View article: Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Turnover in Human Midbrain Neurons Investigated by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Turnover in Human Midbrain Neurons Investigated by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Open
The molecular structure and dynamics of the neuronal plasma membrane are essential for neuronal biology and function. We employed time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging to investigate the lipid composition and tu…
View article: 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) does not induce robust psychomotor activation and 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalisations in <i>tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2)</i> ‐deficient rats lacking serotonin in the central nervous system
3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) does not induce robust psychomotor activation and 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalisations in <i>tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2)</i> ‐deficient rats lacking serotonin in the central nervous system Open
Background and Purpose 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, is a psychostimulant with entactogenic properties and known to induce arousal and euphoria. As an amphetamine derivate, MDMA acts on the monoamine …
View article: Acipimox as a potential antioxidant and neuromodulator mitigates high fat diet induced cognitive dysfunction
Acipimox as a potential antioxidant and neuromodulator mitigates high fat diet induced cognitive dysfunction Open
A derivative of niacin i.e. Acipimox (Acx), exhibits antioxidant properties among in vitro and in vivo studies; however, its potential application for managing neurological deficits remains largely unexplored. This study explores the impac…
View article: Mesencephalon Stimulation Point in Indian Neurotherapy: Anatomical Position and Therapeutic Significance
Mesencephalon Stimulation Point in Indian Neurotherapy: Anatomical Position and Therapeutic Significance Open
The Mesencephalon point in Indian Neurotherapy is located in the cervical–cranial region corresponding to the neural pathways that connect to the midbrain (mesencephalon). The midbrain is responsible for essential functions such as motor c…
View article: NDST3‐Induced Epigenetic Reprogramming Reverses Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease
NDST3‐Induced Epigenetic Reprogramming Reverses Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease Open
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons (DN) in the substantia nigra and disruption of cellular maintenance. Here, we demonstrate that NDST3‐mediated epigenetic…
View article: Mesencephalon Stimulation Point in Indian Neurotherapy: Anatomical Position and Therapeutic Significance
Mesencephalon Stimulation Point in Indian Neurotherapy: Anatomical Position and Therapeutic Significance Open
The Mesencephalon point in Indian Neurotherapy is located in the cervical–cranial region corresponding to the neural pathways that connect to the midbrain (mesencephalon). The midbrain is responsible for essential functions such as motor c…
View article: A transdiagnostic structural brain signature of Parkinsonian and Essential Tremor
A transdiagnostic structural brain signature of Parkinsonian and Essential Tremor Open
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Essential Tremor (ET) are heterogeneous, yet distinct disorders. At the same time, PD and ET show overlapping features such as tremor-predominant phenotypes. These heterogeneities and overlaps pose challenges f…
View article: Neurons of the precuneiform nucleus share structural and functional properties of the mesencephalic locomotor region
Neurons of the precuneiform nucleus share structural and functional properties of the mesencephalic locomotor region Open
The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) encodes a diverse range of movements, from locomotion to posture and turning behavior. While the cuneiform nucleus (CnF) and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), the main components of the MLR, have been…
View article: Radiomics of the midbrain on TCCD for identifying Parkinson’s disease in substantia nigra hyperechogenicity-negative individuals
Radiomics of the midbrain on TCCD for identifying Parkinson’s disease in substantia nigra hyperechogenicity-negative individuals Open
This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of midbrain radiomic features from transcranial color Doppler (TCCD) imaging for identifying Parkinson's disease (PD) in individuals without substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN-). A total of 6…