Opacity ≈ Opacity
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How the machine ‘thinks’: Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms Open
This article considers the issue of opacity as a problem for socially consequential mechanisms of classification and ranking, such as spam filters, credit card fraud detection, search engines, news trends, market segmentation and advertisi…
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Radiative human body cooling by nanoporous polyethylene textile Open
Thermal management through personal heating and cooling is a strategy by which to expand indoor temperature setpoint range for large energy saving. We show that nanoporous polyethylene (nanoPE) is transparent to mid-infrared human body rad…
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Optical magnetic detection of single-neuron action potentials using quantum defects in diamond Open
Significance We demonstrate noninvasive detection of action potentials with single-neuron sensitivity, including in whole organisms. Our sensor is composed of quantum defects within a diamond chip, which detect time-varying magnetic fields…
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petitRADTRANS Open
We present the easy-to-use, publicly available, Python package petitRADTRANS, built for the spectral characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. The code is fast, accurate, and versatile; it can calculate both transmission and emission spec…
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Surface Recombination and Collection Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells from Impedance Analysis Open
The large diffusion lengths recurrently measured in perovskite single crystals and films signal small bulk nonradiative recombination flux and locate the dominant carrier recombination processes at the outer interfaces. Surface recombinati…
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Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Time-dependent Convection, Energy Conservation, Automatic Differentiation, and Infrastructure Open
We update the capabilities of the open-knowledge software instrument Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics ( MESA ). The new auto _ diff module implements automatic differentiation in MESA , an enabling capability that alleviates…
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A New Generation of Standard Solar Models Open
We compute a new generation of standard solar models (SSMs) that includes recent updates on some important nuclear reaction rates and a more consistent treatment of the equation of state. Models also include a novel and flexible treatment …
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The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). V. Interpreting ALMA Maps of Protoplanetary Disks in Terms of a Dust Model Open
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) is the largest homogeneous high-resolution (∼0.″035, or ∼5 au) disk continuum imaging survey with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) so far. In the com…
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Bacterial hopping and trapping in porous media Open
Diverse processes—e.g. bioremediation, biofertilization, and microbial drug delivery—rely on bacterial migration in disordered, three-dimensional (3D) porous media. However, how pore-scale confinement alters bacterial motility is unknown d…
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A bright year for tidal disruptions Open
When a star is tidally disrupted by a supermassive black hole (BH), roughly\nhalf of its mass falls back to the BH at super-Eddington rates. Being tenuously\ngravitationally bound and unable to cool radiatively, only a small fraction\nf_in…
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Bio-inspired sensitive and reversible mechanochromisms via strain-dependent cracks and folds Open
A number of marine organisms use muscle-controlled surface structures to achieve rapid changes in colour and transparency with outstanding reversibility. Inspired by these display tactics, we develop analogous deformation-controlled surfac…
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Verification of State-Based Opacity Using Petri Nets Open
International audience
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Hydrogen reionization ends by <i>z</i> = 5.3: Lyman-α optical depth measured by the XQR-30 sample Open
The presence of excess scatter in the Ly-α forest at z ∼ 5.5, together with the existence of sporadic extended opaque Gunn-Peterson troughs, has started to provide robust evidence for a late end of hydrogen reionization. However, low data …
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Molecular Fluorophores for Deep-Tissue Bioimaging Open
Fluorescence imaging has made tremendous inroads toward understanding the complexity of biological systems, but in vivo deep-tissue imaging remains a great challenge due to the optical opacity of biological tissue. Recent improvements in l…
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Large Ly α opacity fluctuations and low CMB τ in models of late reionization with large islands of neutral hydrogen extending to <i>z</i> < 5.5 Open
High-redshift quasi-stellar object (QSO) spectra show large spatial fluctuations in the Ly α opacity of the intergalactic medium on surprisingly large scales at $z$ ≳ 5.5. We present a radiative transfer simulation of cosmic reionization d…
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Search for Spectral Irregularities due to Photon–Axionlike-Particle Oscillations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope Open
We report on the search for spectral irregularities induced by oscillations between photons and axionlike-particles (ALPs) in the γ-ray spectrum of NGC 1275, the central galaxy of the Perseus cluster. Using 6 years of Fermi Large Area Tele…
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Negative Ions in Space Open
Until a decade ago, the only anion observed to play a prominent role in astrophysics was H-. The bound-free transitions in H- dominate the visible opacity in stars with photospheric temperatures less than 7000 K, including the Sun. The H- …
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Systematic opacity calculations for kilonovae Open
Coalescence of neutron stars (NSs) gives rise to kilonova, thermal emission powered by radioactive decays of freshly synthesized r-process nuclei. Although observational properties are largely affected by bound–bound opacities of r-process…
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Electromagnetically induced transparency control in terahertz metasurfaces based on bright-bright mode coupling Open
We demonstrate a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a highly flexible planar terahertz metamaterial (MM) comprised of three-gap split ring resonators. The keys to achieve EIT in this system are the freq…
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A NEW GENERATION OF LOS ALAMOS OPACITY TABLES Open
We present a new, publicly available set of Los Alamos OPLIB opacity tables for the elements hydrogen through zinc. Our tables are computed using the Los Alamos ATOMIC opacity and plasma modeling code, and make use of atomic structure calc…
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Highly Transparent and Flexible Iontronic Pressure Sensors Based on an Opaque to Transparent Transition Open
Human–computer interfaces, smart glasses, touch screens, and some electronic skins require highly transparent and flexible pressure‐sensing elements. Flexible pressure sensors often apply a microstructured or porous active material to impr…
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Transparent semi‐crystalline polymeric materials and their nanocomposites: A review Open
Optical transparency is an important property for a material, especially in certain fields like packaging, glazing, and displays. Existing commercial transparent polymeric materials are mostly amorphous. Semicrystalline polymers have often…
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Extinction and optical depth retrievals for CALIPSO's Version 4 data release Open
The Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite has been making near-global height-resolved measurements of cloud and aerosol lay…
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Constraints on the neutron star equation of state from AT2017gfo using radiative transfer simulations Open
The detection of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 together with the observation of electromagnetic counterparts across the entire spectrum inaugurated a new era of multimessenger astronomy. In this study, we incorporate wavelength-d…
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Multiwavelength analysis for interferometric (sub-)mm observations of protoplanetary disks Open
Context. The growth of dust grains from sub-μm to mm and cm sizes is the first step towards the formation of planetesimals. Theoretical models of grain growth predict that dust properties change as a function of disk radius, mass, age, and…
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The cocoon emission – an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves from neutron star mergers Open
Short Gamma-Ray Bursts (SGRBs) are believed to arise from compact binary\nmergers (either neutron star-neutron star or black hole-neutron star). If so\ntheir jets must penetrate outflows that are ejected during the merger. As a jet\ncrosse…
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Characterization of Composite Edible Films Based on Pectin/Alginate/Whey Protein Concentrate Open
Edible films and coatings gained renewed interest in the food packaging sector with polysaccharide and protein blending being explored as a promising strategy to improve properties of edible films. The present work studies composite edible…
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New constraints on Lyman-α opacity with a sample of 62 quasars at z > 5.7 Open
We present measurements of the mean and scatter of the IGM Lyman-{\\alpha}\nopacity at 4.9 < z < 6.1 along the lines of sight of 62 quasars at z > 5.7, the\nlargest sample assembled at these redshifts to date by a factor of two. The\nsampl…
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Consistent modelling of the meta-galactic UV background and the thermal/ionization history of the intergalactic medium Open
Recent observations suggest that hydrogen reionization ends late (z 6) and proceeds quickly. We present here a new model of the meta-galactic ultraviolet/X-ray background (UVB) that is consistent with this. It adopts the most recent determ…
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‘Seeing the Dark’: Grounding Phenomenal Transparency and Opacity in Precision Estimation for Active Inference Open
One of the central claims of the Self-model Theory of Subjectivity is that the experience of being someone - even in a minimal form - arises through a transparent phenomenal self-model, which itself can in principle be reduced to brain pro…