Neural substrate
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The comprehensive connectome of a neural substrate for ‘ON’ motion detection in Drosophila Open
Analysing computations in neural circuits often uses simplified models because the actual neuronal implementation is not known. For example, a problem in vision, how the eye detects image motion, has long been analysed using Hassenstein-Re…
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Water Intake, Water Balance, and the Elusive Daily Water Requirement Open
Water is essential for metabolism, substrate transport across membranes, cellular homeostasis, temperature regulation, and circulatory function. Although nutritional and physiological research teams and professional organizations have desc…
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Functional specialization within the inferior parietal lobes across cognitive domains Open
The inferior parietal lobe (IPL) is a key neural substrate underlying diverse mental processes, from basic attention to language and social cognition, that define human interactions. Its putative domain-global role appears to tie into poor…
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The temporal structure of resting-state brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex predicts self-consciousness Open
Recent studies have demonstrated an overlap between the neural substrate of resting-state activity and self-related processing in the cortical midline structures (CMS). However, the neural and psychological mechanisms mediating this so-cal…
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Attentional amplification of neural codes for number independent of other quantities along the dorsal visual stream Open
Humans and other animals base important decisions on estimates of number, and intraparietal cortex is thought to provide a crucial substrate of this ability. However, it remains debated whether an independent neuronal processing mechanism …
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Neural Substrate Expansion for the Restoration of Brain Function Open
Restoring neurological and cognitive function in individuals who have suffered brain damage is one of the principal objectives of modern translational neuroscience. Electrical stimulation approaches, such as deep-brain stimulation, have ac…
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Conservation of preparatory neural events in monkey motor cortex regardless of how movement is initiated Open
A time-consuming preparatory stage is hypothesized to precede voluntary movement. A putative neural substrate of motor preparation occurs when a delay separates instruction and execution cues. When readiness is sustained during the delay, …
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The goal priority network as a neural substrate of Conscientiousness Open
Conscientiousness is a personality trait associated with many important life outcomes, but little is known about the mechanisms that underlie it. We investigated its neural correlates using functional connectivity analysis in fMRI, which i…
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Individualized Prediction of Reading Comprehension Ability Using Gray Matter Volume Open
Reading comprehension is a crucial reading skill for learning and putatively contains 2 key components: reading decoding and linguistic comprehension. Current understanding of the neural mechanism underlying these reading comprehension com…
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Frontoparietal Tracts Linked to Lateralized Hand Preference and Manual Specialization Open
Humans show a preference for using the right hand over the left for tasks and activities of everyday life. While experimental work in non-human primates has identified the neural systems responsible for reaching and grasping, the neural ba…
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A neural substrate of compulsive alcohol use Open
Inhibitory PKCδ-expressing neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala promote compulsive alcohol use in rats.
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The Central Complex as a Potential Substrate for Vector Based Navigation Open
Insects use path integration (PI) to maintain a home vector, but can also store and recall vector-memories that take them from home to a food location, and even allow them to take novel shortcuts between food locations. The neural circuit …
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A common brain network among state, trait, and pathological anxiety from whole-brain functional connectivity Open
Anxiety is one of the most common mental states of humans. Although it drives us to avoid frightening situations and to achieve our goals, it may also impose significant suffering and burden if it becomes extreme. Because we experience anx…
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The impact of parkinson's disease on the cortical mechanisms that support auditory–motor integration for voice control Open
Several studies have shown sensorimotor deficits in speech processing in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The underlying neural mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. In the present event‐related potential (ERP…
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Visual Working Memory Enhances the Neural Response to Matching Visual Input Open
Visual working memory (VWM) is used to maintain visual information available for subsequent goal-directed behavior. The content of VWM has been shown to affect the behavioral response to concurrent visual input, suggesting that visual repr…
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Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: exploring imagery vividness extremes Open
The vividness of imagery varies between individuals. However, the existence of people in whom conscious, wakeful imagery is markedly reduced, or absent entirely, was neglected by psychology until the recent coinage of 'aphantasia' to descr…
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Identification of Parvalbumin Interneurons as Cellular Substrate of Fear Memory Persistence Open
Parvalbumin-positive (PV) basket cells provide perisomatic inhibition in the cortex and hippocampus and control generation of memory-related network activity patterns, such as sharp wave ripples (SPW-R). Deterioration of this class of fast…
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The Phenomenal Contents and Neural Correlates of Spontaneous Thoughts across Wakefulness, NREM Sleep, and REM Sleep Open
Thoughts occur during wake as well as during dreaming sleep. Using experience sampling combined with high-density EEG, we investigated the phenomenal qualities and neural correlates of spontaneously occurring thoughts across wakefulness, n…
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The mind–body problem: Circuits that link the cerebral cortex to the adrenal medulla Open
Which regions of the cerebral cortex are the origin of descending commands that influence internal organs? We used transneuronal transport of rabies virus in monkeys and rats to identify regions of cerebral cortex that have multisynaptic c…
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Atlases of cognition with large-scale human brain mapping Open
To map the neural substrate of mental function, cognitive neuroimaging relies on controlled psychological manipulations that engage brain systems associated with specific cognitive processes. In order to build comprehensive atlases of cogn…
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A primal role for the vestibular sense in the development of coordinated locomotion Open
Mature locomotion requires that animal nervous systems coordinate distinct groups of muscles. The pressures that guide the development of coordination are not well understood. To understand how and why coordination might emerge, we measure…
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Neural Basis of Acquired Amusia and Its Recovery after Stroke Open
Lesion studies are essential in uncovering the brain regions causally linked to a given behavior or skill. For music perception ability, previous lesion studies of amusia have been methodologically limited in both spatial accuracy and time…
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Spatio-Temporal Progression of Cortical Activity Related to Continuous Overt and Covert Speech Production in a Reading Task Open
How the human brain plans, executes, and monitors continuous and fluent speech has remained largely elusive. For example, previous research has defined the cortical locations most important for different aspects of speech function, but has…
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Neurobiological models of emotion regulation: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of acceptance as an emotion regulation strategy Open
Emotional acceptance is an important emotion regulation strategy promoted by most psychotherapy approaches. We adopted the Activation Likelihood Estimation technique to obtain a quantitative summary of previous fMRI (functional Magnetic Re…
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Artificial limb representation in amputees Open
The human brain contains multiple hand-selective areas, in both the sensorimotor and visual systems. Could our brain repurpose neural resources, originally developed for supporting hand function, to represent and control artificial limbs? …
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Nano-topography Enhances Communication in Neural Cells Networks Open
Neural cells are the smallest building blocks of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Information in neural networks and cell-substrate interactions have been heretofore studied separately. Understanding whether surface nano-topogra…
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Shared neural underpinnings of multisensory integration and trial-by-trial perceptual recalibration in humans Open
Perception adapts to mismatching multisensory information, both when different cues appear simultaneously and when they appear sequentially. While both multisensory integration and adaptive trial-by-trial recalibration are central for beha…
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A shared neural substrate for action verbs and observed actions in human posterior parietal cortex Open
A shared neural substrate for action verbs and visually observed actions suggests sensory-motor contributions to language meaning.
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A cerebellar substrate for cognition evolved multiple times independently in mammals Open
Given that complex behavior evolved multiple times independently in different lineages, a crucial question is whether these independent evolutionary events coincided with modifications to common neural systems. To test this question in mam…
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Pleiotropic Control by Testosterone of a Learned Vocal Behavior and Its Underlying Neuroplasticity Open
Steroid hormones coordinate multiple aspects of behavior and physiology. The same hormone often regulates different aspects of a single behavior and its underlying neuroplasticity. This pleiotropic regulation of behavior and physiology is …