Earth's energy budget ≈ Earth's energy budget
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Global airborne sampling reveals a previously unobserved dimethyl sulfide oxidation mechanism in the marine atmosphere Open
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), emitted from the oceans, is the most abundant biological source of sulfur to the marine atmosphere. Atmospheric DMS is oxidized to condensable products that form secondary aerosols that affect Earth’s radiative bala…
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Modeling the global radiative effect of brown carbon: a potentially larger heating source in the tropical free troposphere than black carbon Open
Carbonaceous aerosols significantly affect global radiative forcing and climate through absorption and the scattering of sunlight. Black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) are light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols. The direct radiative eff…
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The Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in Southern Africa Field Campaign in Namibia: Overview, Illustrative Observations, and Way Forward Open
The Aerosol, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) project investigates the role of aerosols on the regional climate of southern Africa. This is a unique environment where natural and anthropogenic aerosols and a semipermane…
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A review of coarse mineral dust in the Earth system Open
Mineral dust particles suspended in the atmosphere span more than three orders of magnitude in diameter, from <0.1 µm to more than 100 µm. This wide size range makes dust a unique aerosol species with the ability to interact with many aspe…
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Radiative–convective equilibrium model intercomparison project Open
RCEMIP, an intercomparison of multiple types of models configured in radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE), is proposed. RCE is an idealization of the climate system in which there is a balance between radiative cooling of the atmosphere …
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Coarse-mode mineral dust size distributions, composition and optical properties from AER-D aircraft measurements over the tropical eastern Atlantic Open
Mineral dust is an important component of the climate system, affecting the radiation balance, cloud properties, biogeochemical cycles, regional circulation and precipitation, as well as having negative effects on aviation, solar energy ge…
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Revisiting the Cause of the 1989–2009 Arctic Surface Warming Using the Surface Energy Budget: Downward Infrared Radiation Dominates the Surface Fluxes Open
The Arctic has been warming faster than elsewhere, especially during the cold season. According to the leading theory, ice‐albedo feedback warms the Arctic Ocean during the summer, and the heat gained by the ocean is released during the wi…
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Size distribution and optical properties of mineral dust aerosols transported in the western Mediterranean Open
This study presents in situ aircraft measurements of Saharan mineral dust transported over the western Mediterranean basin in June–July 2013 during the ChArMEx/ADRIMED (the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiativ…
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The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation: An Earth Science Imaging Spectroscopy Mission Open
The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation, EMIT, is planned to operate from the International Space Station starting no earlier than the fall of 2021. EMIT will use visible to short wavelength infrared imaging spectroscopy to det…
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Aerosol Effects on Climate via Mixed-Phase and Ice Clouds Open
Clouds in Earth's atmosphere can be composed of liquid droplets, ice crystals, or a combination of the two. Clouds’ thermodynamic phase is largely controlled by temperature, but other factors can also have a significant effect. Aerosols—i.…
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Multi-model simulations of aerosol and ozone radiative forcing due to anthropogenic emission changes during the period 1990–2015 Open
Over the past few decades, the geographical distribution of emissions of substances that alter the atmospheric energy balance has changed due to economic growth and air pollution regulations. Here, we show the resulting changes to aerosol …
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Effects of aerosol–radiation interaction on precipitation duringbiomass-burning season in East China Open
Biomass burning is a main source for primary carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and acts as a crucial factor that alters Earth's energy budget and balance. It is also an important factor influencing air quality, regional climate and …
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A global analysis of climate-relevant aerosol properties retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories Open
Aerosol particles are essential constituents of the Earth's atmosphere, impacting the earth radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. In contrast to most …
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Radiative Forcing of Climate: The Historical Evolution of the Radiative Forcing Concept, the Forcing Agents and their Quantification, and Applications Open
We describe the historical evolution of the conceptualization, formulation, quantification, application, and utilization of “radiative forcing” (RF) of Earth’s climate. Basic theories of shortwave and longwave radiation were developed thro…
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SCOPE 2.0: a model to simulate vegetated land surface fluxes and satellite signals Open
The Soil Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model aims at linking satellite observations in the visible, infrared, and thermal domains with land surface processes in a physically based manner, and quantifying th…
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Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles Open
Agricultural activities can modify natural ecosystems and change the nature of the aerosols emitted from those landscapes. The harvesting of crops can loft plant fragments and soil dust into the atmosphere that can travel long distances an…
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An Improved Estimate of the Coupled Arctic Energy Budget Open
This study combines state-of-the-art reanalyses such as the fifth-generation European Re-Analysis (ERA5) and the Ocean Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5) with novel observational products to present an updated estimate of the coupled atmosphere–o…
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The Dynamics–Aerosol–Chemistry–Cloud Interactions in West Africa Field Campaign: Overview and Research Highlights Open
The European Union (EU)-funded project Dynamics–Aerosol–Chemistry–Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) investigates the relationship between weather, climate, and air pollution in southern West Africa—an area with rapid population g…
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What Drives the Life Cycle of Tropical Anvil Clouds? Open
The net radiative effects of tropical clouds are determined by the evolution of thick, freshly detrained anvil clouds into thin anvil clouds. Thick anvil clouds reduce Earth's energy balance and cool the climate, while thin anvil clouds wa…
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Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Aerosols: Approaches, Observations, and Mechanisms Open
Aerosols are liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, typically with diameters on the order of nanometers to microns. These particles impact air quality and the radiative balance of the planet. Dry deposition is a key process…
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Earth’s radiative imbalance from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present Open
Significance Earth’s radiative imbalance determines whether energy is flowing into or out of the ocean–atmosphere system. The present, anthropogenic, positive imbalance drives global warming. This study reconstructs the radiative imbalance…
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Resolving ice cloud optical thickness biases between CALIOP and MODIS using infrared retrievals Open
Despite its importance as one of the key radiative properties that determines the impact of upper tropospheric clouds on the radiation balance, ice cloud optical thickness (IOT) has proven to be one of the more challenging properties to re…
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Sea spray aerosol concentration modulated by sea surface temperature Open
Significance Climate models use pre-industrial atmosphere as the reference to evaluate the impacts of human activities on the Earth’s radiation balance. Sea spray aerosols (SSA) are the key component in the relatively pristine preindustria…
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Rapid cloud removal of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products limits SO <sub>2</sub> and cloud condensation nuclei production in the marine atmosphere Open
Significance Ocean emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are a major precursor for the production and growth of aerosol particles, which can act as seeds for the formation of cloud droplets in the marine atmosphere with the subsequent impact…
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AWARE: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment Open
The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) performed comprehensive meteorological and aerosol measurements and ground-based atmospheric remote sensing at two Antarctic …
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Impacts of global open-fire aerosols on direct radiative, cloud and surface-albedo effects simulated with CAM5 Open
Aerosols from open-land fires could significantly perturb the global radiation balance and induce climate change. In this study, Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with prescribed daily fire aerosol emissions is used to investigat…
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Energy Budget Constraints on the Time History of Aerosol Forcing and Climate Sensitivity Open
An observationally constrained time series of historical aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) from 1750 to 2019 is developed in this study. We find that the time history of aerosol ERFs diagnosed in CMIP6 models exhibits considerable …
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A radiation closure study of Arctic stratus cloud microphysical properties using the collocated satellite-surface data and Fu-Liou radiative transfer model Open
Retrievals of cloud microphysical properties based on passive satellite imagery are especially difficult over snow-covered surfaces because of the bright and cold surface. To help quantify their uncertainties, single-layered overcast liqui…
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Evaluation of the Arctic surface radiation budget in CMIP5 models Open
The Arctic region is warming at a rate more than double the global average, a trend predicted to continue by all Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) climate models. Despite this consistency, significant intermodel spread exists…
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Earth-Observation-Based Estimation and Forecasting of Particulate Matter Impact on Solar Energy in Egypt Open
This study estimates the impact of dust aerosols on surface solar radiation and solar energy in Egypt based on Earth Observation (EO) related techniques. For this purpose, we exploited the synergy of monthly mean and daily post processed s…