Polar orbit ≈ Polar orbit
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The OCO-3 mission: measurement objectives and expected performance based on 1 year of simulated data Open
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) is NASA's next instrument dedicated to extending the record of the dry-air mole fraction of column carbon dioxide (XCO2) and solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) measurements from space. The current sc…
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CLARA-A2: the second edition of the CM SAF cloud and radiation data record from 34 years of global AVHRR data Open
The second edition of the satellite-derived climate data record CLARA (The CM SAF Cloud, Albedo And Surface Radiation dataset from AVHRR data – second edition denoted as CLARA-A2) is described. The data record covers the 34-year period fro…
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Deriving Hourly PM2.5 Concentrations from Himawari-8 AODs over Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei in China Open
Monitoring fine particulate matter with diameters of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a critical endeavor in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, which is one of the most polluted areas in China. Polar orbit satellites are limited by observa…
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LEO Enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS): progress, opportunities, and challenges Open
With the completion of Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), the world has begun to enjoy the Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services of four Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In order to improve the GNSS p…
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A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set from the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign Open
The Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign was carried out north-west of Svalbard (Norway) between 23 May and 6 June 2017. The objective of ACLOUD was to study Arctic boundary layer and mid…
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Optimal Walker Constellation Design of LEO-Based Global Navigation and Augmentation System Open
Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites located at altitudes of 500 km~1500 km can carry much stronger signals and move faster than medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites at about a 20,000 km altitude. Taking advantage of these features, LEO satelli…
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Solar Orbiter: Mission and spacecraft design Open
The main scientific goal of Solar Orbiter is to address the central question of heliophysics: ‘how does the Sun create and control the heliosphere?’ To achieve this goal, the spacecraft carries a unique combination of ten scientific instru…
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Validation of Atmospheric Profile Retrievals From the SNPP NOAA-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System. Part 1: Temperature and Moisture Open
This paper provides an overview of the validation of the operational atmospheric vertical temperature profile (AVTP) and atmospheric vertical moisture profile (AVMP) environmental data record (EDR) products retrieved from the Cross-track I…
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Estimation and Validation of Land Surface Temperatures from Chinese Second-Generation Polar-Orbit FY-3A VIRR Data Open
This work estimated and validated the land surface temperature (LST) from thermal-infrared Channels 4 (10.8 µm) and 5 (12.0 µm) of the Visible and Infrared Radiometer (VIRR) onboard the second-generation Chinese polar-orbiting FengYun-3A (…
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Effective expansion of satellite laser ranging network to improve global geodetic parameters Open
The aim of this study is to find an effective way to expand the ground tracking network of satellite laser ranging on the assumption that a new station is added to the existing network. Realistic numbers of observations for a new station a…
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Energetic particle signatures of magnetic field‐aligned potentials over Jupiter's polar regions Open
Recent results of the first ever orbit through Jupiter's auroral region by NASA's Juno spacecraft did not show evidence of coherent acceleration in the auroral or polar region. However, in this letter, we show energetic particle data from …
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Hyperspectral Satellite Radiance Atmospheric Profile Information Content and Its Dependence on Spectrometer Technology Open
Satellite vertical atmospheric sounding was initiated more than 50 years ago and has evolved to provide the most critical component of today's global observation system. However, the operational use of today's polar orbiting satellite hype…
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Science operation plan of Phobos and Deimos from the MMX spacecraft Open
The science operations of the spacecraft and remote sensing instruments for the Martian Moon eXploration (MMX) mission are discussed by the mission operation working team. In this paper, we describe the Phobos observations during the first…
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Specifying High‐Altitude Electrons Using Low‐Altitude LEO Systems: The SHELLS Model Open
We describe an artificial neural network model of the near‐Earth space radiation environment. The geomagnetic activity index and low‐earth‐orbit (LEO) electron flux measurements from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pola…
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Validation of Atmospheric Profile Retrievals from the SNPP NOAA-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System. Part 2: Ozone Open
This paper continues an overview of the validation of operational profile retrievals from the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP), with focus here given to the infrared (IR) ozone profile environmental data record (EDR) produc…
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Juno's Close Encounter With Ganymede—An Overview Open
The Juno spacecraft has been in orbit around Jupiter since 2016. Two flybys of Ganymede were executed in 2021, opportunities realized by evolution of Juno's polar orbit over the intervening 5 years. The geometry of the close flyby just pri…
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Evaluation of CLARA-A2 and ISCCP-H Cloud Cover Climate Data Records over Europe with ECA&D Ground-Based Measurements Open
Clouds are of high importance for the climate system but they still remain one of its principal uncertainties. Remote sensing techniques applied to satellite observations have assisted tremendously in the creation of long-term and homogene…
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The FIREBIRD-II CubeSat mission: Focused investigations of relativistic electron burst intensity, range, and dynamics Open
FIREBIRD-II is a National Science Foundation funded CubeSat mission designed to study the scale size and energy spectrum of relativistic electron microbursts. The mission consists of two identical 1.5 U CubeSats in a low earth polar orbit,…
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Recent Progress of Fengyun Meteorology Satellites Open
After nearly 50 years of development, Fengyun (FY) satellite ushered in its best moment. China has become one of the three countries or units in the world (China, USA, and EU) that maintain both polar orbit and geostationary orbit satellit…
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Optimal satellite orbit configuration for global ocean color product coverage Open
We develop a methodology to evaluate the current orbital configuration of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and NOAA-20 satellites and to study various orbita…
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Opportunities and Challenges of Spaceborne Sensors in Delineating Land Surface Temperature Trends: A Review Open
Understanding the land surface temperature (LST) trends is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to develop adaptation and mitigation strategies suitable for a sustainable environment coping in the face of climate change. This article …
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Transverse Navigation under the Ellipsoidal Earth Model and its Performance in both Polar and Non-polar areas Open
The transverse navigation system has been designed and developed to solve the challenges of navigation in polar regions. However, considerable theoretical errors are introduced into the system when the spherical Earth model is adopted. To …
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Thruster Subsystem for the United States Naval Academy's (USNA) Ballistically Reinforced Communication Satellite (BRICSat-P) Open
With over 272 attempted launches since 2000, CubeSat technology has exponentially increased as industries and universities have realized their potential. While this growth looks promising for space research possibilities, there are still a…
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Dependence of the Ice Water Content and Snowfall Rate on Temperature, Globally: Comparison of in Situ Observations, Satellite Active Remote Sensing Retrievals, and Global Climate Model Simulations Open
Cloud ice microphysical properties measured or estimated from in situ aircraft observations are compared with global climate models and satellite active remote sensor retrievals. Two large datasets, with direct measurements of the ice wate…
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Quasi‐Global Maps of Daily Aerosol Optical Depth From a Ring of Five Geostationary Meteorological Satellites Using AERUS‐GEO Open
Geostationary meteorological satellites are recently receiving a great deal of attention from the aerosol remote sensing community due to their increasingly advanced performances including their ability to acquire multiple views of the Ear…
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Operational surface UV radiation product from GOME-2 and AVHRR/3 data Open
The surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product, version 1.20, generated operationally in the framework of the Satellite Application Facility on Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (O3M SAF) of the European Organisation for the Explo…
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Fifty years of nightly global low-light imaging satellite observations Open
The history of satellite remote sensing of nighttime lights traces it is roots back the U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) which began flying polar orbiting satellites with cloud imaging sensors in the 1970’s. T…
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Simplified SEE Sensitivity Screening for COTS Components in Space Open
We introduce an approach aimed at prescreening COTS components according to their single-event effect (SEE) sensitivity for space missions in which a complete characterization of their individual response to protons and heavy ions is not f…
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Comparing satellite- to ground-based automated and manual cloud coverage observations – a case study Open
In this case study we compare cloud fractional cover measured by radiometers on polar satellites (AVHRR) and on one geostationary satellite (SEVIRI) to ground-based manual (SYNOP) and automated observations by a cloud camera (Hemispherical…
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Design, Implementation, and Operation of a Small Satellite Mission to Explore the Space Weather Effects in LEO Open
Ten-Koh is a 23.5 kg, low-cost satellite developed to conduct space environment effects research in low-Earth orbit (LEO). Ten-Koh was developed primarily by students of the Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech) and launched on 29 Octob…