Antifungal drugs
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Candida auris: Epidemiology, biology, antifungal resistance, and virulence Open
First described in 2009 in Japan, the emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen Candida auris is becoming a worldwide public health threat that has been attracting considerable attention due to its rapid and widespread emergence over th…
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Anti-Fungal Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids Open
The prevalence of fungal infections is growing at an alarming pace and the pathogenesis is still not clearly understood. Recurrence of these fungal diseases is often due to their evolutionary avoidance of antifungal resistance. The develop…
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Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis Open
The high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are associated with the current limited antifungal arsenal and the high toxicity of the compounds. Additionally, identifying novel drug targets is challenging because th…
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<i>Candida auris</i>: The recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen Open
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that causes serious invasive infections with high mortality. It was first discovered in 2009, and since then, individual cases or outbreaks have been reported from over 20 countries on…
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Candida Infections and Therapeutic Strategies: Mechanisms of Action for Traditional and Alternative Agents Open
The Candida genus comprises opportunistic fungi that can become pathogenic when the immune system of the host fails. Candida albicans is the most important and prevalent species. Polyenes, fluoropyrimidines, echinocandins, and azoles are u…
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Sixty years of Amphotericin B: An Overview of the Main Antifungal Agent Used to Treat Invasive Fungal Infections Open
Introduced in the late 1950s, polyenes represent the oldest family of antifungal drugs. The discovery of amphotericin B and its therapeutic uses is considered one of the most important scientific milestones of the twentieth century . Despi…
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Candida parapsilosis: from Genes to the Bedside Open
Patients with suppressed immunity are at the highest risk for hospital-acquired infections. Among these, invasive candidiasis is the most prevalent systemic fungal nosocomial infection.
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Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, resistance, and treatment of infections by Candida auris Open
Candida spp. infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Candida auris is an emerging multi-drug-resistant fungus that is rapidly spreading worldwide. Since the first reports in 2009, many isolates a…
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Amphotericin B and Other Polyenes—Discovery, Clinical Use, Mode of Action and Drug Resistance Open
Although polyenes were the first broad spectrum antifungal drugs on the market, after 70 years they are still the gold standard to treat a variety of fungal infections. Polyenes such as amphotericin B have a controversial image. They are t…
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NLLSS: Predicting Synergistic Drug Combinations Based on Semi-supervised Learning Open
Fungal infection has become one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections with high mortality rates. Furthermore, drug resistance is common for fungus-causing diseases. Synergistic drug combinations could provide an effective s…
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Drug-Resistant Fungi: An Emerging Challenge Threatening Our Limited Antifungal Armamentarium Open
The high clinical mortality and economic burden posed by invasive fungal infections (IFIs), along with significant agricultural crop loss caused by various fungal species, has resulted in the widespread use of antifungal agents. Selective …
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Evolutionary Emergence of Drug Resistance in Candida Opportunistic Pathogens Open
Fungal infections, such as candidiasis caused by Candida, pose a problem of growing medical concern. In developed countries, the incidence of Candida infections is increasing due to the higher survival of susceptible populations, such as i…
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Antifungal Peptides as Therapeutic Agents Open
Fungi have been used since ancient times in food and beverage-making processes and, more recently, have been harnessed for the production of antibiotics and in processes of relevance to the bioeconomy. Moreover, they are starting to gain a…
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<i>Candida auris</i>Isolates Resistant to Three Classes of Antifungal Medications — New York, 2019 Open
Candida auris is a globally emerging yeast that causes outbreaks in health care settings and is often resistant to one or more classes of antifungal medications (1). Cases of C. auris with resistance to all three classes of commonly prescr…
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Antimicrobial Peptides: a New Frontier in Antifungal Therapy Open
Invasive fungal infections in humans are generally associated with high mortality, making the choice of antifungal drug crucial for the outcome of the patient. The limited spectrum of antifungals available and the development of drug resis…
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Aspiring Antifungals: Review of Current Antifungal Pipeline Developments Open
Invasive fungal infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and their management is restricted to a variety of agents from five established classes of antifungal medication. In practice, existing antifungal agents a…
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Antifungal drugs: What brings the future? Open
The high burden and growing prevalence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), the toxicity and interactions associated with current antifungal drugs, as well as the increasing resistance, ask for the development of new antifungal drugs, pre…
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Review on Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms in the Emerging Pathogen Candida auris Open
Candida auris is an emerging multi-drug resistant yeast, that causes major issues regarding patient treatment and surface disinfection in hospitals. Indeed, an important proportion of C. auris strains isolated worldwide present a decreased…
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Combinatorial strategies for combating invasive fungal infections Open
Invasive fungal infections are an important cause of human mortality and morbidity, particularly for immunocompromised populations. However, there remains a paucity of antifungal drug treatments available to combat these fungal pathogens. …
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The Mechanistic Targets of Antifungal Agents: An Overview Open
Pathogenic fungi are a major causative group for opportunistic infections (OIs). AIDS patients and other immunocompromised individuals are at risk for OIs, which if not treated appropriately, contribute to the mortality associated with the…
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New Horizons in Antifungal Therapy Open
Recent investigations have yielded both profound insights into the mechanisms required by pathogenic fungi for virulence within the human host, as well as novel potential targets for antifungal therapeutics. Some of these studies have resu…
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Rapid and Accurate Molecular Identification of the Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Candida auris Open
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen causing nosocomial and invasive infections associated with high mortality. C. auris is commonly misidentified as several different yeast species by commercially available phe…
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Dermatophyte Resistance to Antifungal Drugs: Mechanisms and Prospectus Open
Dermatophytes comprise pathogenic fungi that have a high affinity for the keratinized structures present in nails, skin, and hair, causing superficial infections known as dermatophytosis. A reasonable number of antifungal drugs currently e…
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Antifungal Drug Resistance: An Emergent Health Threat Open
Fungal infections, named mycosis, can cause severe invasive and systemic diseases that can even lead to death. In recent years, epidemiological data have recorded an increase in cases of severe fungal infections, caused mainly by a growing…
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Targeting<i>Candida albicans</i>filamentation for antifungal drug development Open
Candida albicans remains the main etiological agent of candidiasis, as this otherwise normal commensal of humans is capable of causing active infection in immune- and medically-compromised patients. The high morbidity and mortality rates a…
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A marine microbiome antifungal targets urgent-threat drug-resistant fungi Open
Prospecting for antifungal molecules Marine bacteria produce a plethora of natural products that often have unusual chemical structures and corresponding reactivity, which sometimes translate into a valuable biological function. Zhang et a…
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Current Antimycotics, New Prospects, and Future Approaches to Antifungal Therapy Open
Fungal infections represent an increasing threat to a growing number of immune- and medically compromised patients. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms and, as such, there is a limited number of selective targets that can be exploited for antif…
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New facets of antifungal therapy Open
Invasive fungal infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, and such infections are a substantial burden to healthcare systems around the world. However, the clinically available armamentarium …
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Current antifungal drugs and immunotherapeutic approaches as promising strategies to treatment of fungal diseases Open
Invasive candidiasis (IC) can affect individuals with various underlying diseases hospitalized in different parts of hospitals. In recent decades, IC has caused 27-55% mortality in general population. Although Candida albicans (C. albicans…
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Current Insights on Antifungal Therapy: Novel Nanotechnology Approaches for Drug Delivery Systems and New Drugs from Natural Sources Open
The high incidence of fungal infections has become a worrisome public health issue, having been aggravated by an increase in host predisposition factors. Despite all the drugs available on the market to treat these diseases, their efficien…