Immunogenicity
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Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates Open
The safety and immunogenicity data from this U.S. phase 1 trial of two vaccine candidates in younger and older adults, added to earlier interim safety and immunogenicity data regarding BNT162b1 in younger adults from trials in Germany and …
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Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults Open
In this small study involving older adults, adverse events associated with the mRNA-1273 vaccine were mainly mild or moderate. The 100-μg dose induced higher binding- and neutralizing-antibody titers than the 25-μg dose, which supports the…
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Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model Open
Protective neutralizing antibodies Antibodies produced by survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be leveraged to develop therapies. A first step is identifying neutralizing antibodies, which confer strong protection against s…
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Polyamine transporter potABCD is required for virulence of encapsulated but not nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae Open
Streptococcus pneumoniae is commonly found in the human nasopharynx and is the causative agent of multiple diseases. Since invasive pneumococcal infections are associated with encapsulated pneumococci, the capsular polysaccharide is the ta…
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Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery Open
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that are involved in the intercellular transportation of materials. Therapeutics, such as small molecules or nucleic acid drugs, can be incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to specific types …
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Liposomes: structure, composition, types, and clinical applications Open
Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to en…
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Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials Open
UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR), The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, the Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Ox…
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Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen Open
Significance Coronaviruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cause severe respiratory distress with high fatality rates. The spike (S) glycoprotein is a determinant of host range and is the target of neutraliz…
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Extracellular Matrix in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Impact on Cancer Therapy Open
Solid tumors are complex organ-like structures that consist not only of tumor cells but also of vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal, and immune cells. Often, this tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises the larger part of the o…
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Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Adolescents Open
The BNT162b2 vaccine in 12-to-15-year-old recipients had a favorable safety profile, produced a greater immune response than in young adults, and was highly effective against Covid-19. (Funded by BioNTech and Pfizer; C4591001 ClinicalTrial…
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PD-L1 on tumor cells is sufficient for immune evasion in immunogenic tumors and inhibits CD8 T cell cytotoxicity Open
It is unclear whether PD-L1 on tumor cells is sufficient for tumor immune evasion or simply correlates with an inflamed tumor microenvironment. We used three mouse tumor models sensitive to PD-1 blockade to evaluate the significance of PD-…
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Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination Open
Immunogenicity and the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Thirty-four adults received two 100-μg injections of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and serum anti–spike protein and neutralizing antibody tit...
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Effect of an Inactivated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 on Safety and Immunogenicity Outcomes Open
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000031809.
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Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health Open
Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with and react to each other in a stable environment in order to maintain healthy immune activities. Immune system-microbiota cross-talk relies on a complex …
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A Bivalent Omicron-Containing Booster Vaccine against Covid-19 Open
The bivalent omicron-containing vaccine mRNA-1273.214 elicited neutralizing antibody responses against omicron that were superior to those with mRNA-1273, without evident safety concerns. (Funded by Moderna; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT0…
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mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases Open
The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any functional protein/pept…
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Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells Open
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult tissues with multipotent and self‐renewal abilities. The characteristics of presenting no major ethical concerns, having low immunogenicity and possessing immune modulation fu…
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Safety and immunogenicity of one versus two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 for patients with cancer: interim analysis of a prospective observational study Open
King's College London, Cancer Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Rosetrees Trust, and Francis Crick Institute.
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The Importance of Poly(ethylene glycol) Alternatives for Overcoming PEG Immunogenicity in Drug Delivery and Bioconjugation Open
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used as a gold standard in bioconjugation and nanomedicine to prolong blood circulation time and improve drug efficacy. The conjugation of PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides (DNA, small interf…
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Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccinations Open
Homologous and heterologous booster vaccines had an acceptable safety profile and were immunogenic in adults who had completed a primary Covid-19 vaccine regimen at least 12 weeks earlier. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and I…
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Anti-PEG antibodies: Properties, formation, testing and role in adverse immune reactions to PEGylated nano-biopharmaceuticals Open
Conjugation of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) to proteins or drug delivery nanosystems is a widely accepted method to increase the therapeutic index of complex nano-biopharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, these drugs and agents are often immunogeni…
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Genetic diversity of tumors with mismatch repair deficiency influences anti–PD-1 immunotherapy response Open
High mutational load gets a response Cancers harbor many genetic mutations. Defects in DNA mismatch repair prevent tumors from repairing certain types of DNA damage and lead to a hypermutable genomic state known as microsatellite instabili…
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Final Analysis of a Trial of M72/AS01 <sub>E</sub> Vaccine to Prevent Tuberculosis Open
Among adults infected with M. tuberculosis, vaccination with M72/AS01E elicited an immune response and provided protection against progression to pulmonary tuberculosis disease for at least 3 years. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals a…
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Pan-cancer immunogenomic analyses reveal genotype-immunophenotype relationships and predictors of response to checkpoint blockade Open
SUMMARY The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed the genomic landscapes of common human cancers. In parallel, immunotherapy with checkpoint blockers is transforming the treatment of advanced cancers. As only a minority of the patients is responsiv…
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Comprehensive toxicity and immunogenicity studies reveal minimal effects in mice following sustained dosing of extracellular vesicles derived from HEK293T cells Open
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are under evaluation as therapeutics or as vehicles for drug delivery. Preclinical studies of EVs often use mice or other animal models to assess efficacy and disposition. However, as most EVs under evaluation …
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Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Open
This study quantifies antispike protein antibody responses to first-dose messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines in solid organ transplant recipients to better understand the immunogenicity of the vaccines in immunocompromised individuals.
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Nanomaterial Delivery Systems for mRNA Vaccines Open
The recent success of mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is in part due to the development of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems that not only efficiently express the mRNA-encoded immunogen after intramuscular injection, but also…
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Claudin18.2-specific CAR T cells in gastrointestinal cancers: phase 1 trial interim results Open
Despite success in hematologic malignancies, the treatment landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors remains limited. Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2)-redirected CAR T cells showed promising efficacy against gastri…
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Overview of Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons From the Past Open
After the 1918 flu pandemic, the world is again facing a similar situation. However, the advancement in medical science has made it possible to identify that the novel infectious agent is from the coronavirus family. Rapid genome sequencin…
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Adjuvant system AS01: helping to overcome the challenges of modern vaccines Open
Adjuvants are used to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy by enhancing antigen presentation to antigen-specific immune cells with the aim to confer long-term protection against targeted pathogens. Adjuvants have been used in vaccin…