Cancer cell ≈ Cancer cell
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The Role of Tumoral FOXP3 on Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Gastric Cancer Open
Background/Aims: There is little published data on the role of FOXP3 in gastric cancer. Methods: FOXP3 expression and localization in gastric cancer tissues and cells were examined by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, western b…
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A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts Open
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumour microenvironment with diverse functions, including matrix deposition and remodelling, extensive reciprocal signalling interactions with cancer cells and crosstalk with …
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Metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression Open
Metabolism as cancer progresses Numerous cancer-specific alterations in metabolism have been identified but have not yet resulted in an effective anti cancer therapeutic. In a Review, Faubert et al. discuss how metabolism changes as cancer…
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Molecular principles of metastasis: a hallmark of cancer revisited Open
Metastasis is the hallmark of cancer that is responsible for the greatest number of cancer-related deaths. Yet, it remains poorly understood. The continuous evolution of cancer biology research and the emergence of new paradigms in the stu…
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PD-1 expression by tumour-associated macrophages inhibits phagocytosis and tumour immunity Open
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor that is upregulated on activated T cells for the induction of immune tolerance. Tumour cells frequently overexpress the ligand for PD-1, programmed cell death ligand 1…
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Cystine transporter SLC7A11/xCT in cancer: ferroptosis, nutrient dependency, and cancer therapy Open
The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (also commonly known as xCT) functions to import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis and antioxidant defense and is overexpressed in multiple human cancers. Recent studies revealed that SLC7A11 ove…
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Roles of the immune system in cancer: from tumor initiation to metastatic progression Open
The presence of inflammatory immune cells in human tumors raises a fundamental question in oncology: How do cancer cells avoid the destruction by immune attack? In principle, tumor development can be controlled by cytotoxic innate and adap…
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The biology and function of exosomes in cancer Open
Humans circulate quadrillions of exosomes at all times. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles released by all cells, with a size range of 40-150 nm and a lipid bilayer membrane. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. Exosomes li…
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The Different Mechanisms of Cancer Drug Resistance: A Brief Review Open
Anticancer drugs resistance is a complex process that arises from altering in the drug targets. Advances in the DNA microarray, proteomics technology and the development of targeted therapies provide the new strategies to overcome the drug…
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PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer. Open
Cancer immunotherapy has been accompanied by promising results over the past few years. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) plays a vital role in inhibiting immune responses and promoting self-tolerance through modulating the activity o…
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Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy Open
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite the significant development of methods of cancer healing during the past decades, chemotherapy still remains the main method for cancer treatment. Depending on the mechanism of a…
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Apoptosis as anticancer mechanism: function and dysfunction of its modulators and targeted therapeutic strategies Open
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that results in the orderly and efficient removal of damaged cells, such as those resulting from DNA damage or during development. Apoptosis can be triggered by signals from within the cell, suc…
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Reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in cancer Open
A common feature of cancer cells is their ability to rewire their metabolism to sustain the production of ATP and macromolecules needed for cell growth, division and survival. In particular, the importance of altered fatty acid metabolism …
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2D and 3D cell cultures – a comparison of different types of cancer cell cultures Open
Cell culture is a widely used in vitro tool for improving our understanding of cell biology, tissue morphology, and mechanisms of diseases, drug action, protein production and the development of tissue engineering. Most research regarding …
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The role of ROS in tumour development and progression Open
Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour from signalling to death, and deregulation of ROS production …
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Neutrophil extracellular traps produced during inflammation awaken dormant cancer cells in mice Open
Waking up in a trap Cancer patients who have undergone successful treatment can experience relapse of their disease years or even decades later. This is because cancer cells that have disseminated beyond the primary tumor site enter a stat…
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Cellular Senescence Promotes Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy and Cancer Relapse Open
Cellular senescence suppresses cancer by irreversibly arresting cell proliferation. Senescent cells acquire a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Many genotoxic chemotherapies target proliferating cells nonspecifical…
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Cellular Senescence: Aging, Cancer, and Injury Open
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that occurs in proliferating cells subjected to different stresses. Senescence is, therefore, a cellular defense mechanism that prevents the cells to acquire an unnecessary dama…
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Ferroptosis in cancer therapy: a novel approach to reversing drug resistance Open
Ferroptosis is an intracellular iron-dependent form of cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Extensive studies suggest that ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression, thus providing new opportunit…
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Glutathione metabolism in cancer progression and treatment resistance Open
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant found in living organisms and has multiple functions, most of which maintain cellular redox homeostasis. GSH preserves sufficient levels of cysteine and detoxifies xenobiotics while also c…
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Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents Open
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine …
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Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy Open
Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from different anatomical locations, common features can be found in the …
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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms and Recent Advancements Open
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver lining of low and high ROS concentration mediated effect…
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Diversity and Biology of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Open
Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have largely focused on targeting the epithelial compartment, despite the presence of non-neoplastic stromal components that substantially contribute to the progression of the tumor. Indeed, cancer …
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The Acidic Tumor Microenvironment as a Driver of Cancer Open
Acidic metabolic waste products accumulate in the tumor microenvironment because of high metabolic activity and insufficient perfusion. In tumors, the acidity of the interstitial space and the relatively well-maintained intracellular pH in…
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Oxidative Phosphorylation as an Emerging Target in Cancer Therapy Open
Cancer cells have upregulated glycolysis compared with normal cells, which has led many to the assumption that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is downregulated in all cancers. However, recent studies have shown that OXPHOS can be also u…
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ROS homeostasis and metabolism: a dangerous liason in cancer cells Open
Tumor cells harbor genetic alterations that promote a continuous and elevated production of reactive oxygen species. Whereas such oxidative stress conditions would be harmful to normal cells, they facilitate tumor growth in multiple ways b…
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CancerSEA: a cancer single-cell state atlas Open
High functional heterogeneity of cancer cells poses a major challenge for cancer research. Single-cell sequencing technology provides an unprecedented opportunity to decipher diverse functional states of cancer cells at single-cell resolut…
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TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis Open
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, migration, and the differentiation of a plethora of different cell types. Consistent with these findings, TGF-β plays a key role in controlling …
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Targeting photodynamic and photothermal therapy to the endoplasmic reticulum enhances immunogenic cancer cell death Open
Immunogenic cell death (ICD)-associated immunogenicity can be evoked through reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, we generate a double ER-targeting strategy to realize photodynamic th…