View article: IFN-γ–related mRNA profile predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade
IFN-γ–related mRNA profile predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade Open
Programmed death-1-directed (PD-1-directed) immune checkpoint blockade results in durable antitumor activity in many advanced malignancies. Recent studies suggest that IFN-γ is a critical driver of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) express…
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Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives Open
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Through multiple pathways, activated CAFs …
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Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity Open
Several lines of preclinical and clinical research have confirmed that chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is mechanistically linked to metabolic disease and organ tissue complications in the overweight and obese organism. Des…
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Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor metastasis: biological roles and clinical therapeutic applications Open
Tumor metastasis is a major contributor to the death of cancer patients. It is driven not only by the intrinsic alterations in tumor cells, but also by the implicated cross-talk between cancer cells and their altered microenvironment compo…
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Microglia in Physiology and Disease Open
As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform into a highly ramified phenotype, and constantly screen t…
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Neuroinflammation and Central Sensitization in Chronic and Widespread Pain Open
Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic plasticity, and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful insults. Accumulating evidence suggests that central sensitizati…
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A guide to chemokines and their receptors Open
The chemokines (or chemotactic cytokines) are a large family of small, secreted proteins that signal through cell surface G protein‐coupled heptahelical chemokine receptors. They are best known for their ability to stimulate the migration …
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Peripheral cytokine and chemokine alterations in depression: a meta‐analysis of 82 studies Open
Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that measured cytokine and chemokine levels in individuals with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) compared to healthy controls ( HC s). Method The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE…
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The immune response to <i>Prevotella</i> bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease Open
Summary The microbiota plays a central role in human health and disease by shaping immune development, immune responses and metabolism, and by protecting from invading pathogens. Technical advances that allow comprehensive characterization…
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Inflammation and metabolism in tissue repair and regeneration Open
Tissue repair after injury is a complex, metabolically demanding process. Depending on the tissue’s regenerative capacity and the quality of the inflammatory response, the outcome is generally imperfect, with some degree of fibrosis, which…
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Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients Open
Circulating in China and 158 other countries and areas, the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has caused devastating mortality and posed a great threat to public health. However, efforts to identify effectively supportive therapeutic drugs and tre…
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Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses Open
The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak from December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China, has been declared a global public health emergency. Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is the host receptor by SARS-CoV-2 to infect human cells. Al…
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Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Open
The immune system of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is severely impaired. Detailed investigation of T cells and cytokine production in patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia are urgently required. Here we show that, compared with healthy…
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Role of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 Axis in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases Open
The chemokine receptors CXCR1/2 and their ligand CXCL8 are essential for the activation and trafficking of inflammatory mediators as well as tumor progression and metastasis. The CXCL8-CXCR1/2 signaling axis is involved in the pathogenesis…
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The immune cell landscape in kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis Open
Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease for which the current treatment is ineffective and often toxic. To develop mechanistic hypotheses of disease, we analyzed kidney samples from patients with lupus nephritis and from …
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Macrophage Polarization in Physiological and Pathological Pregnancy Open
The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the complex process of pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines and play pivotal roles in the maintenance of maternal-fetal tolerance. Here, we summarized th…
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles as New Remedies in the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases Open
There is growing evidence that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based immunosuppression was mainly attributed to the effects of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). MSC-EVs are enriched with MSC-sourced bioactive molecules (messenger R…
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Comparative Replication and Immune Activation Profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in Human Lungs: An Ex Vivo Study With Implications for the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Open
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus that has resulted in more than 2 000 000 laboratory-confirmed cases including over 145 000 deaths. Although SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share a …
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Spatially organized multicellular immune hubs in human colorectal cancer Open
Immune responses to cancer are highly variable, with mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) tumors exhibiting more anti-tumor immunity than mismatch repair-proficient (MMRp) tumors. To understand the rules governing these varied responses, we tr…
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Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System Open
Background: The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most microbiologically active ecosystems that plays a crucial role in the working of the mucosal immune system (MIS). In this ecosystem, the consumed probiotics stimulate the immune syst…
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Tissue Resident CCR2− and CCR2+ Cardiac Macrophages Differentially Orchestrate Monocyte Recruitment and Fate Specification Following Myocardial Injury Open
Rationale: Recent advancements have brought to light the origins, complexity, and functions of tissue-resident macrophages. However, in the context of tissue injury or disease, large numbers of monocytes infiltrate the heart and are though…
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Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of gut homeostasis Open
The intestine is a unique organ inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms. Intestinal epithelial cells greatly contribute to the maintenance of the symbiotic relationship between gut microbiota and the host by constructing mucosal…
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Mast cells as sources of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors Open
Summary Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products, including diverse cytokines and growth factors. T…
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Skin Acute Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review Open
Experimental work of the last two decades has revealed the general steps of the wound healing process. This complex network has been organized in three sequential and overlapping steps. The first step of the inflammatory phase is an immedi…
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Implications in Inflammation: An Overview Open
In addition to physical barriers, neutrophils are considered a part of the first line of immune defense. They can be found in the bloodstream, with a lifespan of 6-8 h, and in tissue, where they can last up to 7 days. The mechanisms that n…
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The Dark Side of Fibroblasts: Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as Mediators of Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment Open
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent components of the microenvironment in most types of solid tumors, and were shown to facilitate cancer progression by supporting tumor cell growth, extracellular matrix remodeling, promotin…
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The secretion profile of mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in treating human diseases Open
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal potentials. MSCs-based therapies have been widely utilized for the treatment of diverse inflammatory diseases, due to the potent immunoregulatory …
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Gallic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation-related diseases Open
Gallic acid (GA), also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a natural secondary metabolite and widely isolated from various fruits, plants and nuts. In recent years, GA has received increasing attention for its powerful anti-inflammat…
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More Than Just Attractive: How CCL2 Influences Myeloid Cell Behavior Beyond Chemotaxis Open
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is renowned for its ability to drive the chemotaxis of myeloid and lymphoid cells. It orchestrates the migration of these cell types both during physiological immune defense and in pathologic…
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Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Open
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis.…