Indus ≈ Indus
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Climate Change Impacts on the Upper Indus Hydrology: Sources, Shifts and Extremes Open
The Indus basin heavily depends on its upstream mountainous part for the downstream supply of water while downstream demands are high. Since downstream demands will likely continue to increase, accurate hydrological projections for the fut…
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Extensive arsenic contamination in high-pH unconfined aquifers in the Indus Valley Open
Fifty million to 60 million people potentially exposed to high levels of groundwater arsenic, which is coincident with areas of irrigation.
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Water Reuse: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future Open
From the beginning of the Bronze Age (ca. 3200–1100 BC), domestic wastewater (sewage) has been used for irrigation and aquaculture by a number of civilizations including those that developed in China and the Orient, Egypt, the Indus Valley…
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Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent Open
How cow genomes have moo-ved Cattle were domesticated ∼10,000 years ago, but analysis of modern breeds has not elucidated their origins. Verdugo et al. performed genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern Bos taurus DNA samples. Sever…
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The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective Open
1 Preface/ The Indus Age/ Beginnings/ The Indus Civilization/ Technology/ Architecture/ Art/ Script/ Religion/ Burial Customs and Biological Diversity/ Gender/ Mohenjo-Daro/ The Middle Asian Interaction Sphere/ The Transformation of the In…
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Microplastics pollution in the Brahmaputra River and the Indus River of the Indian Himalaya Open
Rivers act as temporary sinks of microplastics and a key medium allowing microplastics to enter the ocean. In this study, microplastics pollution in river shore sediment of the Indian Himalaya, including the Brahmaputra River and the Indus…
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An appraisal of precipitation distribution in the high-altitude catchments of the Indus basin Open
Scarcity of in-situ observations coupled with high orographic influences has prevented a comprehensive assessment of precipitation distribution in the high-altitude catchments of Indus basin. Available data are generally fragmented and sca…
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Future changes in hydro-climatic extremes in the Upper Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra River basins Open
Future hydrological extremes, such as floods and droughts, may pose serious threats for the livelihoods in the upstream domains of the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra. For this reason, the impacts of climate change on future hydrological extrem…
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Household food security in the face of climate change in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region Open
This study attempts to understand local people’s perceptions of climate change, its impacts on agriculture and household food security, and local adaptation strategies in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, using data from 8083 househol…
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Automated detection of archaeological mounds using machine-learning classification of multisensor and multitemporal satellite data Open
Significance This paper illustrates the potential of machine learning-based classification of multisensor, multitemporal satellite data for the remote detection and mapping of archaeological mounded settlements in arid environments. Our re…
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Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations Open
There are two very different interpretations of the prehistory of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA), with genetic evidence invoked in support of both. The "out-of-Taiwan" model proposes a major Late Holocene expansion of Neolithic Austronesian …
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Prevailing climatic trends and runoff response from Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalaya, upper Indus Basin Open
Largely depending on the meltwater from the Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalaya, withdrawals from the upper Indus Basin (UIB) contribute half of the surface water availability in Pakistan, indispensable for agricultural production systems, indust…
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Changes of High Altitude Glaciers in the Trans-Himalaya of Ladakh over the Past Five Decades (1969–2016) Open
Climatic differences between monsoonal and cold-arid parts of the South Asian mountain arc account for the uncertainty regarding regional variations in glacier retreat. In this context, the upper Indus Basin of Ladakh, sandwiched between t…
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Heavy metals contamination in water, sediments and fish of freshwater ecosystems in Pakistan Open
Freshwater ecosystems are being contaminated by heavy metal pollution. The primary source of contamination is wastewater discharged from urban, industrial, and agricultural facilities. The contaminated water contains hazardous amounts of h…
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Irrigation of World Agricultural Lands: Evolution through the Millennia Open
Many agricultural production areas worldwide are characterized by high variability of water supply conditions, or simply lack of water, creating a dependence on irrigation since Neolithic times. The aim of this paper is to provide an overv…
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Hydrological Modeling of the Upper Indus Basin: A Case Study from a High-Altitude Glacierized Catchment Hunza Open
The Soil andWater Assessment Tool (SWAT) model combined with a temperature index and elevation band algorithm was applied to the Hunza watershed, where snow and glacier-melt are the major contributor to river flow. This study’s uniqueness …
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‘Multi-cropping’, Intercropping and Adaptation to Variable Environments in Indus South Asia Open
Past human populations are known to have managed crops in a range of ways. Various methods can be used, singly or in conjunction, to reconstruct these strategies, a process which lends itself to the exploration of socio-economic and politi…
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Sedimentary facies interpretation of Gamma Ray (GR) log as basic well logs in Central and Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan Open
Rocks and most type of soils emit Gamma Ray (GR) in varying amount. The emitting elements of primary gamma radiations include potassium 40, uranium, and thorium which are associated with rocks forming minerals in variable amount. GR log is…
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Heart failure in India: The INDUS (INDia Ukieri Study) study Open
Introduction: There are few data on heart failure (HF) burden and none available on the community prevalence of HF in India. We conducted a study aimed at determining the HF prevalence in a rural community as well as tertiary hospital care…
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Water, energy and food nexus of Indus Water Treaty: Water governance Open
Water, energy and food nexus of Indus Water Treaty (IWT) is presented in the light of water governance. The water governance doctrine refers to social, economic, administrative and political systems influencing the transboundary water use …
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Spatial Downscaling of GRACE Data Based on XGBoost Model for Improved Understanding of Hydrological Droughts in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) Open
Climate change may cause severe hydrological droughts, leading to water shortages which will require to be assessed using high-resolution data. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite Terrestrial Water Storage (TWSA) esti…
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Large-Scale, Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing of Palaeo-River Networks: A Case Study from Northwest India and its Implications for the Indus Civilisation Open
Remote sensing has considerable potential to contribute to the identification and reconstruction of lost hydrological systems and networks. Remote sensing-based reconstructions of palaeo-river networks have commonly employed single or limi…
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Analysis of Current and Future Water Demands in the Upper Indus Basin under IPCC Climate and Socio-Economic Scenarios Using a Hydro-Economic WEAP Model Open
Pakistan is currently facing physical and economic water scarcity issues that are further complicated by the rapid increase in its population and by climate change. Many studies have focused on the physical water scarcity using hydrologica…
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The Collapse of the Indus-Script Thesis: The Myth of a Literate Harappan Civilization Open
Archaeologists have long claimed the Indus Valley as one of the four literate centers of the early ancient world, complete with long texts written on perishable materials. We demonstrate the impossibility of the lost-manuscript thesis and …
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Early twenty-first century glacier mass losses in the Indus Basin constrained by density assumptions Open
Glaciers in the upper Indus supply more than half of the river water, are experiencing significant melting with a debated fate. The recent melting rate is still contained by considerable uncertainties, hindering to estimate precise glacier…
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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature and Its Impact on the Vegetation Open
Due to global warming under climate change scenarios, Indus delta region of Pakistan is under serious threat since the last few decades. The present study was thus conducted to determine the spatiotemporal variations in the LST and its imp…
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The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia Open
The genetic formation of Central and South Asian populations has been unclear because of an absence of ancient DNA. To address this gap, we generated genome-wide data from 362 ancient individuals, including the first from eastern Iran, Tur…
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Combining downscaled-GRACE data with SWAT to improve the estimation of groundwater storage and depletion variations in the Irrigated Indus Basin (IIB) Open
The growth of agricultural production systems is a major driver of groundwater depletion worldwide. Balancing groundwater supply and food production requires localized understanding of groundwater storage and depletion variations in respon…
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Snowmelt runoff prediction under changing climate in the Himalayan cryosphere: A case of Gilgit River Basin Open
There are serious concerns of rise in temperatures over snowy and glacierized Himalayan region that may eventually affect future river flows of Indus river system. It is therefore necessary to predict snow and glacier melt runoff to manage…
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Water management in Pakistan's Indus Basin: challenges and opportunities Open
The Indus River System is a major source of life in Pakistan. A vast array of Pakistan's agricultural and domestic consumption needs are critically dependent on the Indus River System. The Indus River contributes towards 25% of the country…