Division (mathematics) ≈ Division (mathematics)
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The Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm Open
This work proposes a new meta-heuristic method called Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) that utilizes the distribution behavior of the main arithmetic operators in mathematics including (Multiplication (M), Division (D), Subtraction …
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Treadmilling by FtsZ filaments drives peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell division Open
Coordinating cell wall synthesis and cell division Most bacteria are protected by peptidoglycan cell walls, which must be remodeled to split the cell. Cell division requires the tubulin homolog FtsZ, a highly conserved cytoskeletal polymer…
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Baby steps: the gender division of childcare during the COVID-19 pandemic Open
The nature and scale of the shocks to the demand for, and the supply of, home childcare during the COVID-19 pandemic provide a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of the division of home labour and the determinants of speciali…
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Mechanisms generating cancer genome complexity from a single cell division error Open
Genomic havoc from one fateful mistake Many human tumors display scrambled genomes that arise from two distinct mutational processes. The first, the chromosome breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle, produces gene amplification and genomic ins…
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Some New Operations Over Fermatean Fuzzy Numbers and Application of Fermatean Fuzzy WPM in Multiple Criteria Decision Making Open
Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs), proposed by Senapati and Yager (2019a), can handle uncertain information more easily in the process of decision making. They defined basic operations over the Fermatean fuzzy sets. Here we shall introduce three…
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Calculating with light using a chip-scale all-optical abacus Open
Machines that simultaneously process and store multistate data at one and the same location can provide a new class of fast, powerful and efficient general-purpose computers. We demonstrate the central element of an all-optical calculator,…
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LED Based Wavelength Division Multiplexed 10 Gb/s Visible Light Communications Open
LED-based visible light communications can provide high data rates to users. This can be further increased by the use of wavelength division multiplexing using the different colours required to generate white light to transmit different da…
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Growth and Division of the Peptidoglycan Matrix Open
Most bacteria are surrounded by a peptidoglycan cell wall that defines their shape and protects them from osmotic lysis. The expansion and division of this structure therefore plays an integral role in bacterial growth and division. Additi…
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Cell division plane orientation based on tensile stress in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Open
Significance The control of cell division plane orientation is crucial in biology and most particularly in plants, in which cells cannot rearrange their positions, as they are glued to each other by their cell walls. Cell geometry has long…
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Progress in modelling solidification microstructures in metals and alloys: dendrites and cells from 1700 to 2000 Open
This is the first account of the history of our understanding of, and ability to model, solidification microstructures. Its objective is to retrace the scientific steps made, from the earliest observations of the eighteenth century to our …
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Insights into the Structure, Function, and Dynamics of the Bacterial Cytokinetic FtsZ-Ring Open
The FtsZ protein is a highly conserved bacterial tubulin homolog. In vivo, the functional form of FtsZ is the polymeric, ring-like structure (Z-ring) assembled at the future division site during cell division. While it is clear that the Z-…
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Principles and mechanisms of asymmetric cell division Open
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike to control cell fate and generate cell diversity. A detailed mechanistic understanding of ACD is therefore necessary to unders…
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Defect-Mediated Morphologies in Growing Cell Colonies Open
Morphological trends in growing colonies of living cells are at the core of physiological and evolutionary processes. Using active gel equations, which include cell division, we show that shape changes during the growth can be regulated by…
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Circadian Clock, Cell Division, and Cancer: From Molecules to Organism Open
As a response to environmental changes driven by the Earth’s axial rotation, most organisms evolved an internal biological timer—the so called circadian clock—which regulates physiology and behavior in a rhythmic fashion. Emerging evidence…
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The mechanics of microtubule networks in cell division Open
The primary goal of a dividing somatic cell is to accurately and equally segregate its genome into two new daughter cells. In eukaryotes, this process is performed by a self-organized structure called the mitotic spindle. It has long been …
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Room segmentation: Survey, implementation, and analysis Open
The division of floor plans or navigation maps into single rooms or similarly meaningful semantic units is central to numerous tasks in robotics such as topological mapping, semantic mapping, place categorization, human-robot interaction, …
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Housework over the course of relationships: Gender ideology, resources, and the division of housework from a growth curve perspective Open
In the 21st century, the division of housework remains gendered, with women on average still spending \nmore time doing chores than their male partners. While research has studied why this phenomenon is so \npersistent, few studies have ye…
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Ca2+–mitochondria axis drives cell division in hematopoietic stem cells Open
Most of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within the bone marrow (BM) show quiescent state with a low mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). In contrast, upon stress hematopoiesis, HSCs actively start to divide. However, the underlying …
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Designing Metabolic Division of Labor in Microbial Communities Open
Understanding how microbes assemble into communities is a fundamental open issue in biology, relevant to human health, metabolic engineering, and environmental sustainability. A possible mechanism for interactions of microbes is through cr…
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Experimental and computational framework for a dynamic protein atlas of human cell division Open
Essential biological functions, such as mitosis, require tight coordination of hundreds of proteins in space and time. Localization, the timing of interactions and changes in cellular structure are all crucial to ensure the correct assembl…
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FtsZ treadmilling is essential for Z-ring condensation and septal constriction initiation in Bacillus subtilis cell division Open
Despite the central role of division in bacterial physiology, how division proteins work together as a nanoscale machine to divide the cell remains poorly understood. Cell division by cell wall synthesis proteins is guided by the cytoskele…
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Targeting the Bacterial Division Protein FtsZ Open
Similar to its eukaryotic counterpart, the prokaryotic cytoskeleton is essential for the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cells. The essential protein FtsZ is a central player in the cytoskeletal family, forms a cytokineti…
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The natural axis of transmitter receptor distribution in the human cerebral cortex Open
Significance Communication between cells in the brain relies on different types of transmitter receptors. Can we uncover organizational principles that harness the diversity of such signatures across the brain? We focus on the human cerebr…
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High-capacity dense space division multiplexing transmission Open
In this paper, we review space division multiplexing (SDM) transmission experimental demonstrations and associated technologies. In past years, SDM achieved high capacity transmission through increased spatial multiplicity, and long-haul t…
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Bacterial cell division at a glance Open
Bacterial cell division is initiated by the midcell assembly of polymers of the tubulin-like GTPase FtsZ. The FtsZ ring (Z-ring) is a discontinuous structure made of dynamic patches of FtsZ that undergo treadmilling motion. Roughly a dozen…
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Orthogonal Delay-Doppler Division Multiplexing Modulation Open
Inspired by the orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation, in this\npaper, we consider designing a multicarrier (MC) modulation on delay-Doppler\n(DD) plane, to couple the modulated signal with a doubly-selective channel\nhaving DD…
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The Molecular Machinery of Chloroplast Division Open
Recent studies advance understanding of the mechanisms, spatial control, and regulation of chloroplast division, but many questions remain.
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Mechanical Division of Cell-Sized Liposomes Open
Liposomes, self-assembled vesicles with a lipid-bilayer boundary similar to cell membranes, are extensively used in both fundamental and applied sciences. Manipulation of their physical properties, such as growth and division, may signific…
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Analytical computation of support characteristic curve for circumferential yielding lining in tunnel design Open
Circumferential yielding lining is able to tolerate controlled displacements without failure, which has been proven to be an effective solution to large deformation problem in squeezing tunnels. However, up to now, there has not been a wel…
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Scaling photonic lanterns for space-division multiplexing Open
We present a new technique allowing the fabrication of large modal count photonic lanterns for space-division multiplexing applications. We demonstrate mode-selective photonic lanterns supporting 10 and 15 spatial channels by using graded-…