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A comparative ethnobotany of Khevsureti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Tusheti, Svaneti, and Racha-Lechkhumi, Republic of Georgia (Sakartvelo), Caucasus Open
Plant species, and uses, found in our study, both for Georgia in general, as well as for its regions, showed clear relations to the wider Caucasus - Asia Minor - Balkans cultural complex. However, plant use in Georgia was much more diverse…
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Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom Open
Identifying and understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy within distinct populations may aid future public health messaging. Using nationally representative data from the general adult populations of Ireland ( N = 1041) and the United King…
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Trends and projections of caesarean section rates: global and regional estimates Open
Background The caesarean section (CS) rate continues to increase across high-income, middle-income and low-income countries. We present current global and regional CS rates, trends since 1990 and projections for 2030. Methods We obtained n…
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The role of Indigenous peoples and local communities in effective and equitable conservation Open
Debate about what proportion of the Earth to protect often overshadows the question of how nature should be conserved and by whom. We present a systematic review and narrative synthesis of 169 publications investigating how different forms…
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The Risk of Racial Bias in Hate Speech Detection Open
We investigate how annotators’ insensitivity to differences in dialect can lead to racial bias in automatic hate speech detection models, potentially amplifying harm against minority populations. We first uncover unexpected correlations be…
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A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia Open
The population history of Aboriginal Australians remains largely uncharacterized. Here we generate high-coverage genomes for 83 Aboriginal Australians (speakers of Pama-Nyungan languages) and 25 Papuans from the New Guinea Highlands. We fi…
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The Subjection of Women Open
Part I: The Late Classics / Post-classic in Oaxaca - An Introduction Part II: Chronology, Continuity and Disjunction - Etic and Emic Perspectives Part III: Continuity and Abandonment of Houses in the Valley of Oaxaca - Lambityeco and Macui…
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Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus Open
This study suggests that although susceptible to infection, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were unexpectedly low competent vectors for ZIKV. This may suggest that other factors such as the large naïve population for ZIKV and the high densi…
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Topic choice contributes to the lower rate of NIH awards to African-American/black scientists Open
Topic choice is a previously unappreciated contributor to the lower rate of NIH awards to AA/B scientists.
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Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago Open
Ancient DNA pushes human emergence back Anatomically modern humans evolved in Africa, but pinpointing when has been difficult. Schlebusch et al. sequenced three ancient African genomes from the Stone Age, about 2000 years old, and four fro…
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“A Structure, Not an Event”: Settler Colonialism and Enduring Indigeneity Open
A response to the forum, “Emergent Critical Analytics for Alternative Humanities,” edited by Chris A. Eng and Amy K. King. J. Kēhaulani Kauanui discusses the distinctive shifts toward examining Patrick Wolfe’s theory of settler colonialism…
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Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians in the United States: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatments: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Open
South Asians (from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) make up one quarter of the world’s population and are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the United States. Although native South Asians s…
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Projections of Precipitation and Temperature over the South Asian Countries in CMIP6 Open
The latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset was analyzed to examine the projected changes in temperature and precipitation over six South Asian countries during the twenty-first century. The CMIP6 model simulat…
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On the origin of modern humans: Asian perspectives Open
The peopling of Asia In recent years, there has been increasing focus on the paleoanthropology of Asia, particularly the migration patterns of early modern humans as they spread out of Africa. Bae et al. review the current state of the Lat…
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Household Assessment of Plastic Waste Management in the Urban Commune of Faranah (Republic of Guinea) Open
This study focuses on the management of plastic waste from households in Faranah. The objective is to establish an inventory of the management of plastic waste by households to allow stakeholders to have a synoptic picture of the situation…
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Zika Virus: New Clinical Syndromes and Its Emergence in the Western Hemisphere Open
Zika virus (ZIKV) had remained a relatively obscure flavivirus until a recent series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical complications brought this virus into the spotlight as causing an infection of global public heal…
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Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory Open
Ancient migrations in Southeast Asia The past movements and peopling of Southeast Asia have been poorly represented in ancient DNA studies (see the Perspective by Bellwood). Lipson et al. generated sequences from people inhabiting Southeas…
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Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America Open
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapi…
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Early human dispersals within the Americas Open
Complex processes in the settling of the Americas The expansion into the Americas by the ancestors of present day Native Americans has been difficult to tease apart from analyses of present day populations. To understand how humans diverge…
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Global expansion of chikungunya virus: mapping the 64-year history Open
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that is emerging as a global threat because of the highly debilitating nature of the associated disease and unprecedented magnitude of its spread. Chikungunya originated in Afr…
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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections—endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Open
Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially life-saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac imp…
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Genomic epidemiology of artemisinin resistant malaria Open
The current epidemic of artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia is the result of a soft selective sweep involving at least 20 independent kelch13 mutations. In a large global survey, we find that kelch13 mutations whi…
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Changing epidemiological trends of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia Open
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become more common in Asia over the past few decades. The rate of increase in prevalence of the disease varies greatly in Asia, with several countries in East Asia experiencing a more than doubled incre…
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Dispersals and genetic adaptation of Bantu-speaking populations in Africa and North America Open
Genetic analysis reveals the complex history of sub-Saharan Africans and African Americans.
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Data Analysis and Synthesis Within a Realist Evaluation: Toward More Transparent Methodological Approaches Open
Realist evaluations are increasingly used in the study of complex health interventions. The methodological procedures applied within realist evaluations however are often inexplicit, prompting scholars to call for increased transparency an…
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Novel Alzheimer Disease Risk Loci and Pathways in African American Individuals Using the African Genome Resources Panel Open
While the major pathways involved in Alzheimer disease etiology in African American individuals are similar to those in non-Hispanic White individuals, the disease-associated loci within these pathways differ.
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Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations Open
Relationships among North Africans The general view is that Eurasians mostly descend from a single group of humans that dispersed outside of sub-Saharan Africa around 50,000 to 100,000 years ago. Present-day North Africans share a majority…
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Emergence of Indigenous Artemisinin-Resistant <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in Africa Open
Supported by a grant (2016YFC1200500) from the National Key Research and Development Program of China, grants (81271870, 81630063, and 81601790) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grants (BK20150001 and BK20130114) from…
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Resurgence of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea Linked to a Survivor With Virus Persistence in Seminal Fluid for More Than 500 Days Open
We report on an Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivor who showed Ebola virus in seminal fluid 531 days after onset of disease. The persisting virus was sexually transmitted in February 2016, about 470 days after onset of symptoms, and caused …
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When did <i>Homo sapiens</i> first reach Southeast Asia and Sahul? Open
Anatomically modern humans ( Homo sapiens , AMH) began spreading across Eurasia from Africa and adjacent Southwest Asia about 50,000–55,000 years ago ( ca . 50–55 ka). Some have argued that human genetic, fossil, and archaeological data in…