Acetylation ≈ Acetylation
View article: Regulation of immune cell function by short‐chain fatty acids
Regulation of immune cell function by short‐chain fatty acids Open
Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial fermentation products, which are chemically composed by a carboxylic acid moiety and a small hydrocarbon chain. Among them, acetic, propionic and butyric acids are the most studied, presenting,…
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Mechanisms of Deubiquitinase Specificity and Regulation Open
Protein ubiquitination is one of the most powerful posttranslational modifications of proteins, as it regulates a plethora of cellular processes in distinct manners. Simple monoubiquitination events coexist with more complex forms of polyu…
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The world of protein acetylation Open
Acetylation is one of the major post-translational protein modifications in the cell, with manifold effects on the protein level as well as on the metabolome level. The acetyl group, donated by the metabolite acetyl-coenzyme A, can be co- …
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Antioxidant effects of resveratrol in the cardiovascular system Open
The antioxidant effects of resveratrol (3,5,4 ' ‐trihydroxy‐ trans ‐stilbene) contribute substantially to the health benefits of this compound. Resveratrol has been shown to be a scavenger of a number of free radicals. However, the direct …
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Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1–3) are histone lysine delactylases Open
Lysine L-lactylation [K(L-la)] is a newly discovered histone mark stimulated under conditions of high glycolysis, such as the Warburg effect. K(L-la) is associated with functions that are different from the widely studied histone acetylati…
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Tubulin acetylation protects long-lived microtubules against mechanical ageing Open
Long-lived microtubules endow the eukaryotic cell with long-range transport abilities. While long-lived microtubules are acetylated on Lys40 of α-tubulin (αK40), acetylation takes place after stabilization and does not protect against depo…
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Microtubules acquire resistance from mechanical breakage through intralumenal acetylation Open
Acetylation keeps microtubules strong Cells need microtubules for intracellular transport and to avoid being crushed. On investigating microtubule breakage in live fibroblasts, Xu et al. found that if they were not acetylated, long-lived m…
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Immunomodulatory potential of gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) Open
Intestinal microbiota is an element of the bacterial ecosystem in all mammalian organisms. These microorganisms play a very important part in the development, functioning, and modulation of the immune system from the moment of birth. In re…
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A short guide to histone deacetylases including recent progress on class II enzymes Open
The interaction between histones and DNA is important for eukaryotic gene expression. A loose interaction caused, for example, by the neutralization of a positive charge on the histone surface by acetylation, induces a less compact chromat…
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HDAC and HDAC Inhibitor: From Cancer to Cardiovascular Diseases Open
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators that regulate the histone tail, chromatin conformation, protein-DNA interaction, and even transcription. HDACs are also post-transcriptional modifiers that regulate the protein acetyla…
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Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia Open
Besides the conventional carbon sources, acetyl-CoA has recently been shown to be generated from acetate in various types of cancers, where it promotes lipid synthesis and tumour growth. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely u…
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Acetylation Is Crucial for p53-Mediated Ferroptosis and Tumor Suppression Open
Although previous studies indicate that loss of p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence does not completely abrogate its tumor suppression function, it is unclear how the remaining activities of p53 are regulated. Here, w…
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Enhancer Activity Requires CBP/P300 Bromodomain-Dependent Histone H3K27 Acetylation Open
Acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 is a well-defined marker of enhancer activity. However, the functional impact of this modification at enhancers is poorly understood. Here, we use a chemical genetics approach to acutely block the fun…
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SIRT7 is a histone desuccinylase that functionally links to chromatin compaction and genome stability Open
Although SIRT7 is a member of sirtuin family proteins that are described as NAD + -dependent class III histone deacetylases, the intrinsic enzymatic activity of this sirtuin protein remains to be investigated and the cellular function of S…
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H3K27 acetylation activated-long non-coding RNA CCAT1 affects cell proliferation and migration by regulating SPRY4 and HOXB13 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Open
Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have important regulatory roles in human cancer biology. In our study, we found that lncRNA CCAT1, whose expression is significantly increased and is correlated with outcomes in E…
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HSP70 chaperones RNA-free TDP-43 into anisotropic intranuclear liquid spherical shells Open
The makings of anisosomes Phase separation of proteins within the cell can produce a liquid-inside-a-liquid phase resembling oil droplets in water. Yu et al. now report that an RNA-binding protein called TDP-43, in which mutation and aggre…
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Lysine Acetylation Goes Global: From Epigenetics to Metabolism and Therapeutics Open
Post-translational acetylation of lysine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in all eukaryotic organisms. Originally discovered in 1963 as a unique modification of histones, acetylation marks are now found on thousands of no…
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The Roles of Histone Deacetylases and Their Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy Open
Genetic mutations and abnormal gene regulation are key mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone cores, represent the basic units of chromatin. The fifth amino group (Nε) of histone lysin…
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Effects of α-tubulin acetylation on microtubule structure and stability Open
Acetylation of K40 in α-tubulin is the sole posttranslational modification to mark the luminal surface of microtubules. It is still controversial whether its relationship with microtubule stabilization is correlative or causative. We have …
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Wheat microbiome bacteria can reduce virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by altering histone acetylation Open
Interactions between bacteria and fungi have great environmental, medical, and agricultural importance, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we study the interactions between the bacterium Pseudomonas piscium , from the …
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Curcumin as an Alternative Epigenetic Modulator: Mechanism of Action and Potential Effects Open
Curcumin (a polyphenolic compound in turmeric) is famous for its potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties, and has a great potential to act as an epigenetic modulator. The epigenetic regulatory roles of curcumin i…
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Post-translational regulation of ubiquitin signaling Open
Ubiquitination regulates many essential cellular processes in eukaryotes. This post-translational modification (PTM) is typically achieved by E1, E2, and E3 enzymes that sequentially catalyze activation, conjugation, and ligation reactions…
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Histone deacetylase 6 in cancer Open
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are important epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression and transcription. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique member of the HDAC family that not only participates in histone acetylatio…
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Normalization of NAD <sup>+</sup> Redox Balance as a Therapy for Heart Failure Open
Background: Impairments of mitochondrial function in the heart are linked intricately to the development of heart failure, but there is no therapy for mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods: We assessed the reduced/oxidized ratio of nicotinami…
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Acetyl-CoA Metabolism Supports Multistep Pancreatic Tumorigenesis Open
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a poor prognosis, and new strategies for prevention and treatment are urgently needed. We previously reported that histone H4 acetylation is elevated in pancreatic acinar cells harboring Kras muta…
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Differentiation between Oppositely Oriented Microtubules Controls Polarized Neuronal Transport Open
Microtubules are essential for polarized transport in neurons, but how their organization guides motor proteins to axons or dendrites is unclear. Because different motors recognize distinct microtubule properties, we used optical nanoscopy…
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The intestinal microbiota programs diurnal rhythms in host metabolism through histone deacetylase 3 Open
Microbial entrainment of metabolism The metabolism of mammals is synchronized to daily cycles relating to sleep and mealtimes. It is not surprising that the gut microbiota, which aids in digestion, should also display daily cycling. Kuang …
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Sirt3 Impairment and SOD2 Hyperacetylation in Vascular Oxidative Stress and Hypertension Open
Rationale: Clinical studies have shown that Sirt3 (Sirtuin 3) expression declines by 40% by 65 years of age paralleling the increased incidence of hypertension and metabolic conditions further inactivate Sirt3 because of increased NADH (ni…
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Correction: Corrigendum: Selective targeting of HDAC1/2 elicits anticancer effects through Gli1 acetylation in preclinical models of SHH Medulloblastoma Open
Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 44079; published online: 09 March 2017; updated: 21 April 2017. In this Article, Monika Kusio-Kobialka and Pawel Niewiadomski are incorrectly listed as being affiliated with ‘Department of Cell Biology…
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Bromodomain inhibitors and cancer therapy: From structures to applications Open
Aberrations in the epigenetic landscape are a hallmark of cancer. Alterations in enzymes that are "writers," "erasers," or "readers" of histone modification marks are common. Bromodomains are "readers" that bind acetylated lysines in histo…