Inheritance (genetic algorithm)
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Searching Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): A Knowledgebase of Human Genes and Genetic Phenotypes Open
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) at OMIM.org is the primary repository of comprehensive, curated information on genes and genetic phenotypes and the relationships between them. This unit provides an overview of the types of infor…
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Review of cancer from perspective of molecular Open
Cancer in the broader sense refers to more than 277 different types of cancer disease. Scientists have identified different stage of cancers, indicating that several gene mutations are involved in cancer pathogenesis. These gene mutations …
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An introduction to niche construction theory Open
Niche construction refers to the modification of selective environments by organisms. Theoretical and empirical studies of niche construction are increasing in importance as foci in evolutionary ecology. This special edition presents theor…
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Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept Open
The hologenome concept of evolution postulates that the holobiont (host plus symbionts) with its hologenome (host genome plus microbiome) is a level of selection in evolution. Multicellular organisms can no longer be considered individuals…
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Biparental Inheritance of Mitochondrial DNA in Humans Open
Significance The energy-producing organelle mitochondrion contains its own compact genome, which is separate from the nuclear genome. In nearly all mammals, this mitochondrial genome is inherited exclusively from the mother, and transmissi…
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Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior Open
The genetics of sexual orientation Twin studies and other analyses of inheritance of sexual orientation in humans has indicated that same-sex sexual behavior has a genetic component. Previous searches for the specific genes involved have b…
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Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease Open
Ancestral environmental exposures such as toxicants, abnormal nutrition or stress can promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and phenotypic variation. These environmental factors induce the epigenetic reprogramming…
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The infinitesimal model: Definition, derivation, and implications Open
Our focus here is on the infinitesimal model. In this model, one or several quantitative traits are described as the sum of a genetic and a non-genetic component, the first being distributed within families as a normal random variable cent…
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A critical view on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans Open
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance refers to the transmission of epigenetic information through the germline. While it has been observed in plants, nematodes and fruit flies, its occurrence in mammals—and humans in particular—is the …
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Quantitative Resistance to Plant Pathogens in Pyramiding Strategies for Durable Crop Protection Open
Quantitative resistance has gained interest in plant breeding for pathogen control in low-input cropping systems. Although quantitative resistance frequently has only a partial effect and is difficult to select, it is considered more durab…
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AGHmatrix: R Package to Construct Relationship Matrices for Autotetraploid and Diploid Species: A Blueberry Example Open
Progress in the rate of improvement in autopolyploid species has been limited compared with diploids, mainly because software and methods to apply advanced prediction and selection methodologies in autopolyploids are lacking. The objective…
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Epigenetic Inheritance: Concepts, Mechanisms and Perspectives Open
Parents' stressful experiences can influence an offspring's vulnerability to many pathological conditions, including psychopathologies, and their effects may even endure for several generations. Nevertheless, the cause of this phenomenon h…
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DNA methylation markers in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and weight loss Open
The fact that not all individuals exposed to the same environmental risk factors develop obesity supports the hypothesis of the existence of underlying genetic and epigenetic elements. There is suggestive evidence that environmental stimul…
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Causal role for inheritance of H3K27me3 in maintaining the OFF state of a <i>Drosophila</i> HOX gene Open
DNA sequence and inherited gene silencing Cell fate decisions require a gene's transcriptional status, whether on or off, to be stably and heritably maintained over multiple cell generations. For silenced genes, heterochromatin domains are…
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Epigenetic Inheritance and Its Role in Evolutionary Biology: Re-Evaluation and New Perspectives Open
Epigenetics increasingly occupies a pivotal position in our understanding of inheritance, natural selection and, perhaps, even evolution. A survey of the PubMed database, however, reveals that the great majority (>93%) of epigenetic papers…
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Oligogenic inheritance of a human heart disease involving a genetic modifier Open
Three rights can make a wrong Many diseases are thought to arise from co-inheritance of rare genetic variants that are benign on their own but harmful in combination. This hypothesis has been difficult to validate by functional experiments…
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How Does Household Income Affect Child Personality Traits and Behaviors? Open
We examine the effects of a quasi-experimental unconditional household income transfer on child emotional and behavioral health and personality traits. Using longitudinal data, we find that there are large beneficial effects on children's …
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The complete reference genome for grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>L.) genetics and breeding Open
Grapevine is one of the most economically important crops worldwide. However, the previous versions of the grapevine reference genome tipically consist of thousands of fragments with missing centromeres and telomeres, limiting the accessib…
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Comparative phylogenetic analyses uncover the ancient roots of Indo-European folktales Open
Ancient population expansions and dispersals often leave enduring signatures in the cultural traditions of their descendants, as well as in their genes and languages. The international folktale record has long been regarded as a rich conte…
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How language shapes the cultural inheritance of categories Open
It is widely recognized that language plays a key role in the transmission of human culture, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which language simultaneously encourages both cultural stability and cultural innovation. T…
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth: From Molecules to Therapy Open
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most prevalent category of inherited neuropathy. The most common inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant, though there also are X-linked and autosomal recessive subtypes. In addition to a variety of inher…
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The Netherlands Twin Register: Longitudinal Research Based on Twin and Twin-Family Designs Open
The Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) is a national register in which twins, multiples and their parents, siblings, spouses and other family members participate. Here we describe the NTR resources that were created from more than 30 years of…
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Polygenic inheritance, GWAS, polygenic risk scores, and the search for functional variants Open
The reconciliation between Mendelian inheritance of discrete traits and the genetically based correlation between relatives for quantitative traits was Fisher’s infinitesimal model of a large number of genetic variants, each with very smal…
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Lamarck rises from his grave: parental environment‐induced epigenetic inheritance in model organisms and humans Open
Organisms can change their physiological/behavioural traits to adapt and survive in changed environments. However, whether these acquired traits can be inherited across generations through non‐genetic alterations has been a topic of debate…
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Why an extended evolutionary synthesis is necessary Open
Since the last major theoretical integration in evolutionary biology—the modern synthesis (MS) of the 1940s—the biosciences have made significant advances. The rise of molecular biology and evolutionary developmental biology, the recogniti…
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A second inheritance system: the extension of biology through culture Open
By the mid-twentieth century (thus following the ‘Modern Synthesis’ in evolutionary biology), the behavioural sciences offered only the sketchy beginnings of a scientific literature documenting evidence for cultural inheritance in animals—…
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Developmental origins of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance Open
Environmental factors can induce epigenetic alterations in the germ cells that can potentially be transmitted transgenerationally. This non-genetic form of inheritance is termed epigenetic transgenerational inheritance and has been shown i…
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Clonal expansion and epigenetic inheritance of long-lasting NK cell memory Open
Clonal expansion of cells with somatically diversified receptors and their long-term maintenance as memory cells is a hallmark of adaptive immunity. Here, we studied pathogen-specific adaptation within the innate immune system, tracking na…
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Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt: compositional inheritance and metamorphic modification Open
The Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt in east-central China contains one of the largest ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes in the world. The UHP eclogites are associated with gneiss, peridotite and marble. But all these rocks underwent i…
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Tools for Genetic Studies in Experimental Populations of Polyploids Open
Polyploid organisms carry more than two copies of each chromosome, a condition rarely tolerated in animals but which occurs relatively frequently in the plant kingdom. One of the principal challenges faced by polyploid organisms is to evol…