Grain boundary ≈ Grain boundary
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Grain boundary dominated ion migration in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite films Open
Grain boundaries have been demonstrated as the dominating ion migration channels in polycrystalline organic–inorganic halide perovskite films.
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Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells: Significance of Grain Boundaries, Interface Traps, and Defect Ions Open
Trap-assisted recombination, despite being lower as compared with traditional inorganic solar cells, is still the dominant recombination mechanism in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and limits their efficiency. We investigate the attributes …
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Unreacted PbI<sub>2</sub> as a Double-Edged Sword for Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Open
Lead halide perovskites have over the past few years attracted considerable interest as photo absorbers in PV applications with record efficiencies now reaching 22%. It has recently been found that not only the composition but also the pre…
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All The Catalytic Active Sites of MoS<sub>2</sub> for Hydrogen Evolution Open
MoS2 presents a promising low-cost catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but the understanding about its active sites has remained limited. Here we present an unambiguous study of the catalytic activities of all possible reac…
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Employing Lead Thiocyanate Additive to Reduce the Hysteresis and Boost the Fill Factor of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Open
Lead thiocyanate in the perovskite precursor can increase the grain size of a perovskite thin film and reduce the conductivity of the grain boundaries, leading to perovskite solar cells with reduced hysteresis and enhanced fill factor. A p…
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Perovskite-polymer composite cross-linker approach for highly-stable and efficient perovskite solar cells Open
Manipulation of grain boundaries in polycrystalline perovskite is an essential consideration for both the optoelectronic properties and environmental stability of solar cells as the solution-processing of perovskite films inevitably introd…
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Observation of hydrogen trapping at dislocations, grain boundaries, and precipitates Open
An anti-embrittlement roadmap Hydrogen is important for energy applications such as fuel cells but tends to diffuse into materials and make them more susceptible to fracture. Chen et al. tackled the challenge of identifying the exact locat…
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Defects engineering for high-performance perovskite solar cells Open
Metal halide perovskites have achieved great success in photovoltaic applications during the last few years. The solar to electrical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells has been rapidly improved from 3.9% to certifi…
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Bilateral alkylamine for suppressing charge recombination and improving stability in blade-coated perovskite solar cells Open
Anchoring monolayer bilateral amines on perovskite passivates surface defects, reinforces grain boundaries, and enhances stability.
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Vacancy-induced dislocations within grains for high-performance PbSe thermoelectrics Open
To minimize the lattice thermal conductivity in thermoelectrics, strategies typically focus on the scattering of low-frequency phonons by interfaces and high-frequency phonons by point defects. In addition, scattering of mid-frequency phon…
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Mechanical properties of nanomaterials: A review Open
As an emerging material, nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their small size, surface effect and quantum tunneling effect, as well as potential applications in traditional materials, medical devices, electronic devices…
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Critical Role of Grain Boundaries for Ion Migration in Formamidinium and Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Open
The critical role of grain boundaries for (CH(NH2)2PbI3)0.85(CH3NH3PbBr3)0.15 perovskite solar cells studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy under bias voltage and illumination is reported. Ion migration is enhanced at the grain boundarie…
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Understanding charge transport in lead iodide perovskite thin-film field-effect transistors Open
Band-like charge transport is observed in lead halide perovskite field-effect transistors.
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Making ultrastrong steel tough by grain-boundary delamination Open
Strong and tough steel Ultrahard materials often do not have similarly impressive fracture toughness. Liu et al. discovered a processing route for medium manganese steel alloy in which ultrahigh strength accompanies high fracture toughness…
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Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to HCOOH over Sub‐2 nm SnO<sub>2</sub> Quantum Wires with Exposed Grain Boundaries Open
Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 could mitigate environmental problems originating from CO 2 emission. Although grain boundaries (GBs) have been tailored to tune binding energies of reaction intermediates and consequently accelerate the C…
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Unique crystallographic texture formation in Inconel 718 by laser powder bed fusion and its effect on mechanical anisotropy Open
Additive manufacturing offers an exclusive way of anisotropic microstructure control with a high degree of freedom regarding variation in process parameters. This study demonstrates a unique texture formation in Inconel 718 (IN718) using a…
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Defect Passivation of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites by Diammonium Iodide toward High-Performance Photovoltaic Devices Open
The polycrystalline feature of solutionprocessed perovskite film and its ionic nature inevitably incur substantial crystallographic defects, especially at the film surface and the grain boundaries (GBs). Here, a simple defect passivation m…
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Unravelling the Effects of Grain Boundary and Chemical Doping on Electron–Hole Recombination in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite by Time-Domain Atomistic Simulation Open
Advancing organohalide perovskite solar cells requires understanding of carrier dynamics. Electron-hole recombination is a particularly important process because it constitutes a major pathway of energy and current losses. Grain boundaries…
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Reducing Saturation‐Current Density to Realize High‐Efficiency Low‐Bandgap Mixed Tin–Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Open
The unsatisfactory performance of low‐bandgap mixed tin (Sn)–lead (Pb) halide perovskite subcells has been one of the major obstacles hindering the progress of the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. …
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Effect of Pore Connectivity on Li Dendrite Propagation within LLZO Electrolytes Observed with Synchrotron X-ray Tomography Open
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a garnet type material that demonstrates promising characteristics for all solid-state battery applications due to its high Li-ion conductivity and its compatibility with Li metal. The primary limitation of LLZO is t…
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Mixed Cation FA<i><sub>x</sub></i>PEA<sub>1–</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>PbI<sub>3</sub> with Enhanced Phase and Ambient Stability toward High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Open
In this work, different from the commonly explored strategy of incorporating a smaller cation, MA + and Cs + into FAPbI 3 lattice to improve efficiency and stability, it is revealed that the introduction of phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI…
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Oxygen Release Induced Chemomechanical Breakdown of Layered Cathode Materials Open
Chemical and mechanical properties interplay on the nanometric scale and collectively govern the functionalities of battery materials. Understanding the relationship between the two can inform the design of battery materials with optimal c…
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Revealing relationships between porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion 316L stainless steel through heat treatment Open
The understanding of relationships between processing, microstructure and mechanical properties in laser powder bed fusion is currently incomplete. Microstructure-property relations in 316L stainless steel are revealed in this study using …
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Coexistence of Grain‐Boundaries‐Assisted Bipolar and Threshold Resistive Switching in Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride Open
The use of 2D materials to improve the capabilities of electronic devices is a promising strategy that has recently gained much interest in both academia and industry. However, while the research in 2D metallic and semiconducting materials…
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Influence of grain size heterogeneity on strength and microcracking behavior of crystalline rocks Open
This study numerically investigates the influence of material heterogeneity on the strength and deformation behavior and the associated microcracking process of a felsic crystalline rock using a grain‐based modeling approach in two‐dimensi…
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CH <sub>3</sub> NH <sub>3</sub> PbI <sub>3</sub> perovskites: Ferroelasticity revealed Open
Evidence and control of ferroelastic (but not ferroelectric) domains in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite are provided.
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Atomic electron tomography: 3D structures without crystals Open
BACKGROUND To understand material properties and functionality at the most fundamental level, one must know the three-dimensional (3D) positions of atoms with high precision. For crystalline materials, x-ray crystallography has provided th…
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Manipulating the interfacial structure of nanomaterials to achieve a unique combination of strength and ductility Open
The control of interfaces in engineered nanostructured materials has met limited success compared with that which has evolved in natural materials, where hierarchical structures with distinct interfacial states are often found. Such interf…
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Hydrogen trapping and embrittlement in high-strength Al alloys Open
Ever more stringent regulations on greenhouse gas emissions from transportation motivate efforts to revisit materials used for vehicles 1 . High-strength aluminium alloys often used in aircrafts could help reduce the weight of automobiles,…
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Additional hardening in harmonic structured materials by strain partitioning and back stress Open
Deformation behavior of a harmonic structured material (HSM), core–shell 304L stainless steel, is investigated using micro-digital image correlation (micro-DIC). High strain-partitioning between core and shell is observed. Because the grai…