Hazard ratio ≈ Hazard ratio
View article: Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Open
In patients with advanced NSCLC and PD-L1 expression on at least 50% of tumor cells, pembrolizumab was associated with significantly longer progression-free and overall survival and with fewer adverse events than was platinum-based chemoth…
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Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease Open
Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level…
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Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Open
In patients with type 2 diabetes who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, treatment with dapagliflozin did not result in a higher or lower rate of MACE than placebo but did result in a lower rate of cardiovascula…
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Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Open
In our trial, inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab on a background of statin therapy lowered LDL cholesterol levels to a median of 30 mg per deciliter (0.78 mmol per liter) and reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. These findings show …
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A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19 Open
In hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19, no benefit was observed with lopinavir-ritonavir treatment beyond standard care. Future trials in patients with severe illness may help to confirm or exclude the possibility of a treatme…
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Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Open
Progression-free survival was significantly longer with durvalumab than with placebo. The secondary end points also favored durvalumab, and safety was similar between the groups. (Funded by AstraZeneca; PACIFIC ClinicalTrials.gov number, N…
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Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis Open
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is evolving rapidly worldwide. Objective To evaluate the risk of serious adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 by stratifying the comorbidity status. Methods We analysed data…
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Empagliflozin and Progression of Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Open
In patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, empagliflozin was associated with slower progression of kidney disease and lower rates of clinically relevant renal events than was placebo when added to standard care. (Funded …
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Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Open
Pembrolizumab was associated with significantly longer overall survival (by approximately 3 months) and with a lower rate of treatment-related adverse events than chemotherapy as second-line therapy for platinum-refractory advanced urothel…
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Olaparib for Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients with a Germline <i>BRCA</i> Mutation Open
BACKGROUND Olaparib is an oral poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that has promising antitumor activity in patients with metastatic breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. METHODS We conducted a randomized, open-la…
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Transcatheter Mitral-Valve Repair in Patients with Heart Failure Open
Among patients with heart failure who have mitral regurgitation due to left ventricular dysfunction, the prognosis is poor. Transcatheter mitral-valve repair may improve their clinical outcomes.
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Overall Survival with Osimertinib in Untreated, <i>EGFR</i> -Mutated Advanced NSCLC Open
Among patients with previously untreated advanced NSCLC with an EGFR mutation, those who received osimertinib had longer overall survival than those who received a comparator EGFR-TKI. The safety profile for osimertinib was similar to that…
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Tafamidis Treatment for Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy Open
In patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, tafamidis was associated with reductions in all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations and reduced the decline in functional capacity and quality of life as compar…
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Introduction to the Analysis of Survival Data in the Presence of Competing Risks Open
Competing risks occur frequently in the analysis of survival data. A competing risk is an event whose occurrence precludes the occurrence of the primary event of interest. In a study examining time to death attributable to cardiovascular c…
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Alectinib versus Crizotinib in Untreated <i>ALK</i>-Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Open
As compared with crizotinib, alectinib showed superior efficacy and lower toxicity in primary treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; ALEX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02075840 .).
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Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter Open
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a major global health concern. Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio models that incorporate risk information from multiple PM 2…
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Abiraterone plus Prednisone in Metastatic, Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Open
The addition of abiraterone acetate and prednisone to androgen-deprivation therapy significantly increased overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival in men with newly diagnosed, metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate c…
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Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Open
Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo. …
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Talazoparib in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and a Germline <i>BRCA</i> Mutation Open
Among patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA1/2 mutation, single-agent talazoparib provided a significant benefit over standard chemotherapy with respect to progression-free survival. Patient-reported outcomes were superi…
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Blinatumomab versus Chemotherapy for Advanced Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Open
Treatment with blinatumomab resulted in significantly longer overall survival than chemotherapy among adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL. (Funded by Amgen; TOWER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02013167 .).
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Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes Open
In patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg was superior to placebo in reducing the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes, …
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Ribociclib as First-Line Therapy for HR-Positive, Advanced Breast Cancer Open
Among patients receiving initial systemic treatment for HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, the duration of progression-free survival was significantly longer among those receiving ribociclib plus letrozole than among those …
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Cryoballoon or Radiofrequency Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Open
In this randomized trial, cryoballoon ablation was noninferior to radiofrequency ablation with respect to efficacy for the treatment of patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and there was no significant difference b…
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Ocrelizumab versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Open
Among patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis, ocrelizumab was associated with lower rates of disease activity and progression than interferon beta-1a over a period of 96 weeks. Larger and longer studies of the safety of ocrelizumab are…
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Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review and meta‐analysis Open
Liver fibrosis is the most important predictor of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Quantitative risk of mortality by fibrosis stage has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to quantify the fibrosis stage–specif…
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MONARCH 3: Abemaciclib As Initial Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer Open
Purpose Abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, demonstrated efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with fulvestrant in women with hormone receptor (HR)–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negati…
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Atezolizumab for First-Line Treatment of PD-L1–Selected Patients with NSCLC Open
Atezolizumab treatment resulted in significantly longer overall survival than platinum-based chemotherapy among patients with NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression, regardless of histologic type. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche/Genentech; IMpow…
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Prevalence, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients with pooled and specific severe mental illness: a large‐scale meta‐analysis of 3,211,768 patients and 113,383,368 controls Open
People with severe mental illness (SMI) – schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder – appear at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but a comprehensive meta‐analysis is lacking. We conducted a large‐scale meta‐analys…
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Dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis Open
Objective To examine the dose-response associations between accelerometer assessed total physical activity, different intensities of physical activity, and sedentary time and all cause mortality. Design Systematic review and harmonised met…
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MONARCH 2: Abemaciclib in Combination With Fulvestrant in Women With HR+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer Who Had Progressed While Receiving Endocrine Therapy Open
Purpose MONARCH 2 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02107703) compared the efficacy and safety of abemaciclib, a selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, plus fulvestrant with fulvestrant alone in patients with advanced breas…