Insulin sensitivity
View article: Two new Later Stone Age sites from the Final Pleistocene in the Falémé Valley, eastern Senegal
Two new Later Stone Age sites from the Final Pleistocene in the Falémé Valley, eastern Senegal Open
Introduction: \nReducing waiting times is a major policy objective in publicly-funded healthcare systems. However, reductions in waiting times can produce a demand response, which may offset increases in capacity. Early detection and diagn…
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Molecular Mechanisms Linking Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus Open
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and an inadequate response to circulatory insulin by peripheral tissues resulting in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance has…
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Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans Open
Purpose and methods This review presents established knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on whole-body insulin sensitivity (SI) and summarises the findings of recent (2013–2016) studies. Discussion and conclusions Recent stu…
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Analysis of diabetes mellitus for early prediction using optimal features selection Open
Diabetes is a chronic disease or group of metabolic disease where a person suffers from an extended level of blood glucose in the body, which is either the insulin production is inadequate, or because the body’s cells do not respond proper…
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Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women Open
Anti-aging supplement effects in humans Synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) decreases during aging, which is thought to limit the activity of enzymes that require it for their catalytic activity. Studies in animals indi…
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Estrogen Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Suppresses Gluconeogenesis via the Transcription Factor Foxo1 Open
Premenopausal women exhibit enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with age-matched men, but this advantage disappears after menopause with disrupted glucose homeostasis, in part owing to a red…
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Donor metabolic characteristics drive effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on recipient insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and intestinal transit time Open
Objective Bariatric surgery improves glucose metabolism. Recent data suggest that faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using faeces from postbariatric surgery diet-induced obese mice in germ-free mice improves glucose metabolism and int…
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RANKL inhibition improves muscle strength and insulin sensitivity and restores bone mass Open
Receptor activator of Nfkb ligand (RANKL) activates, while osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibits, osteoclastogenesis. In turn a neutralizing Ab against RANKL, denosumab improves bone strength in osteoporosis. OPG also improves muscle strength in …
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Beneficial Effects of Citrus Flavonoids on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health Open
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing over time. CVD is a comorbidity in diabetes and contributes to premature death. Citrus flavonoids possess several biological activities and have emerged as efficient therapeutics…
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Branched-chain amino acid restriction in Zucker-fatty rats improves muscle insulin sensitivity by enhancing efficiency of fatty acid oxidation and acyl-glycine export Open
Our data are consistent with a model wherein elevated circulating BCAA contribute to development of obesity-related insulin resistance by interfering with lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle. BCAA-dependent lowering of the skeletal muscle g…
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Validation of HOMA-IR in a model of insulin-resistance induced by a high-fat diet in Wistar rats Open
Objective The present study aimed to validate homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in relation to the insulin tolerance test (ITT) in a model of insulin-resistance in Wistar rats induced by a 19-week high-fat diet. …
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The SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Reduces Liver Fat but Does Not Affect Tissue Insulin Sensitivity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With 8-Week Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Open
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate tissue-specific effects of dapagliflozin on insulin sensitivity and liver and body fat in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized, double-blind, parallel…
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Assessment of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance in Human Open
The impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance (or decreased insulin sensitivity) play a major role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is very important to assess the pancreatic β-cell function …
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Exercise for Prevention and Relief of Cardiovascular Disease: Prognoses, Mechanisms, and Approaches Open
This review is aimed at summarizing the new findings about the multiple benefits of exercise on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We pay attention to the prevalence and risk factors of CVD and mechanisms and recommendations of physical activit…
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Heterogeneous Contribution of Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Defects to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Open
OBJECTIVE To characterize physiologic subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity and secretion were estimated in 809 women at 24–30 weeks' gestation, using oral glucose tolerance test–b…
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The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Open
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regular exercise training on insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the pooled data available from randomised controlled trials. In addition, we sough…
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Spatial mapping reveals human adipocyte subpopulations with distinct sensitivities to insulin Open
The contribution of cellular heterogeneity and architecture to white adipose tissue (WAT) function is poorly understood. Herein, we combined spatially resolved transcriptional profiling with single-cell RNA sequencing and image analyses to…
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How to Measure Adipose Tissue Insulin Sensitivity Open
Context and Objective: Adipose tissue insulin resistance may cause hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance by releasing excess free fatty acids (FFAs). Because no consensus exists on how to quantify adipose tissue insulin sensitivit…
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Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults Open
Objective We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin sensitivity and other important metabolic adaptations in adults with obesity. Methods Thirty-one inac…
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Intracellular localization of diacylglycerols and sphingolipids influences insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle Open
National Institutes of Health General Clinical Research Center (RR-00036), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (R01DK089170), NIDDK (T32 DK07658), and Colorado Nutrition Obesity Research Center (P30DK04…
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Anti-myostatin antibody increases muscle mass and strength and improves insulin sensitivity in old mice Open
Significance Sarcopenia, or aging-associated muscle atrophy, increases the risk of falls and fractures and is associated with metabolic disease. Because skeletal muscle is a major contributor to glucose handling after a meal, sarcopenia ha…
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 improves hepatic insulin sensitivity by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in mice Open
Among the 22 fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), FGF21 has now emerged as a key metabolic regulator. However, the mechanism whereby FGF21 mediates its metabolic actions per se remains largely unknown. Here, we show that FGF21 represses mamma…
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Definitions of Normal Liver Fat and the Association of Insulin Sensitivity with Acquired and Genetic NAFLD—A Systematic Review Open
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. “Obese/Metabolic NAFLD” is closely associated with obesity and insulin resist…
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Exercise Increases Human Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity via Coordinated Increases in Microvascular Perfusion and Molecular Signaling Open
Insulin resistance is a major health risk, and although exercise clearly improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, the mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that initiation of a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp 4 h after single-legged …
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Longitudinal Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution With Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Adiposity in Los Angeles Latino Children Open
Evidence suggests that ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure may contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2…
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Differential effects of the circadian system and circadian misalignment on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in humans Open
Glucose tolerance is lower at night and higher in the morning. Shift workers, who often eat at night and experience circadian misalignment (i.e. misalignment between the central circadian pacemaker and the environmental/behavioural cycles)…
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Zinc in Pancreatic Islet Biology, Insulin Sensitivity, and Diabetes Open
About 20 chemical elements are nutritionally essential for humans with defined molecular functions. Several essential and nonessential biometals are either functional nutrients with antidiabetic actions or can be diabetogenic. A key questi…
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Delivery of muscle-derived exosomal miRNAs induced by HIIT improves insulin sensitivity through down-regulation of hepatic FoxO1 in mice Open
Significance The beneficial metabolic effects of exercise are mediated at least in part by the release of soluble factors by the muscles. Exosomes, small vesicles that facilitate the exchange of biological components among cells and tissue…
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Curcumin and other dietary polyphenols: potential mechanisms of metabolic actions and therapy for diabetes and obesity Open
Recent controversy regarding the therapeutic potential of curcumin indicates the challenges to research in this field. Here, we highlight the investigations of curcumin and other plant-derived polyphenols that demonstrate their application…
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Light exposure during sleep impairs cardiometabolic function Open
Significance Ambient nighttime light exposure is implicated as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, including cardiometabolic disease. However, the effects of nighttime light exposure during sleep on cardiometabolic outcomes and the …