Intelligence quotient ≈ Intelligence quotient
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Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016 Open
These findings highlight the variability in the evaluation and detection of ASD across communities and between sociodemographic groups. Continued efforts are needed for early and equitable identification of ASD and timely enrollment in ser…
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How Much Does Education Improve Intelligence? A Meta-Analysis Open
Intelligence test scores and educational duration are positively correlated. This correlation could be interpreted in two ways: Students with greater propensity for intelligence go on to complete more education, or a longer education incre…
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Neuropsychological and Behavioral Outcomes after Exposure of Young Children to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia Open
Background Few studies of how exposure of children to anesthesia may affect neurodevelopment employ comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. This study tested the hypothesis that exposure to multiple, but not single, procedures requir…
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Association of Childhood Blood Lead Levels With Cognitive Function and Socioeconomic Status at Age 38 Years and With IQ Change and Socioeconomic Mobility Between Childhood and Adulthood Open
In this cohort born in New Zealand in 1972-1973, childhood lead exposure was associated with lower cognitive function and socioeconomic status at age 38 years and with declines in IQ and with downward social mobility. Childhood lead exposu…
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Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Among Extremely Preterm Infants 6.5 Years After Active Perinatal Care in Sweden Open
Of the 441 extremely preterm infants who had received active perinatal care, 293 (66.4%) had no or mild disability at 6.5 years; of the 371 controls, 11 (3.0%) had moderate or severe disability. Disability rates at 6.5 years increased rela…
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Neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 5 among children born preterm: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study Open
Objectives To describe neurodevelopment at age 5 among children born preterm. Design Population based cohort study, EPIPAGE-2. Setting France, 2011. Participants 4441 children aged 5½ born at 24-26, 27-31, and 32-34 weeks Main outcome meas…
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Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada Open
In this study, maternal exposure to higher levels of fluoride during pregnancy was associated with lower IQ scores in children aged 3 to 4 years. These findings indicate the possible need to reduce fluoride intake during pregnancy.
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Developmental PBDE Exposure and IQ/ADHD in Childhood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Open
We concluded there was sufficient evidence supporting an association between developmental PBDE exposure and reduced IQ. Preventing developmental exposure to PBDEs could help prevent loss of human intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1…
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Cognitive outcomes in children and adolescents born very preterm: a meta‐analysis Open
Aim To estimate the association between very preterm birth (<32wks' gestation) and intelligence, executive functioning, and processing speed throughout childhood and adolescence, and to examine the effects of gestational age, birthweight, …
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The misnomer of ‘high functioning autism’: Intelligence is an imprecise predictor of functional abilities at diagnosis Open
‘High functioning autism’ is a term often used for individuals with autism spectrum disorder without an intellectual disability. Over time, this term has become synonymous with expectations of greater functional skills and better long-term…
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Prenatal Fluoride Exposure and Cognitive Outcomes in Children at 4 and 6–12 Years of Age in Mexico Open
In this study, higher prenatal fluoride exposure, in the general range of exposures reported for other general population samples of pregnant women and nonpregnant adults, was associated with lower scores on tests of cognitive function in …
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Large-scale analyses of the relationship between sex, age and intelligence quotient heterogeneity and cortical morphometry in autism spectrum disorder Open
Significant heterogeneity across aetiologies, neurobiology and clinical phenotypes have been observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neuroimaging-based neuroanatomical studies of ASD have often reported inconsistent fi…
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Cognitive trajectories from infancy to early adulthood following birth before 26 weeks of gestation: a prospective, population-based cohort study Open
Objective To determine the trajectory of cognitive test scores from infancy to adulthood in individuals born extremely preterm compared with term-born individuals. Design A prospective, population-based cohort study. Setting 276 maternity …
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Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused Open
Significance Using administrative register data with information on family relationships and cognitive ability for three decades of Norwegian male birth cohorts, we show that the increase, turning point, and decline of the Flynn effect can…
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Impact of adolescent marijuana use on intelligence: Results from two longitudinal twin studies Open
Significance Marijuana is the most commonly used recreational drug in the United States. Some studies suggest that marijuana use in adolescence is linked to declines in intellectual functioning. Because of the infeasibility of studying thi…
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Comparing Intelligence Quotient Change After Treatment With Proton Versus Photon Radiation Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors Open
Purpose Compared with photon radiation (XRT), proton beam radiation therapy (PBRT) reduces dose to normal tissues, which may lead to better neurocognitive outcomes. We compared change in intelligence quotient (IQ) over time in pediatric pa…
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The paradox of intelligence: Heritability and malleability coexist in hidden gene-environment interplay. Open
Intelligence can have an extremely high heritability, but also be malleable; a paradox that has been the source of continuous controversy. Here we attempt to clarify the issue, and advance a frequently overlooked solution to the paradox: I…
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Cognitive performance and functional outcomes of carriers of pathogenic copy number variants: analysis of the UK Biobank Open
Background Rare copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by varying degrees of cognitive impairment, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. H…
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A meta-analysis of working memory in individuals with autism spectrum disorders Open
The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that across the lifespan, individuals with ASD demonstrate large impairments in WM across both phonological and visuospatial WM domains when compared to healthy individuals.
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Can super smart leaders suffer from too much of a good thing? The curvilinear effect of intelligence on perceived leadership behavior. Open
Although researchers predominately test for linear relationships between variables, at times there may be theoretical and even empirical reasons for expecting nonlinear functions. We examined if the relation between intelligence (IQ) and p…
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Autism As a Disorder of High Intelligence Open
A suite of recent studies has reported positive genetic correlations between autism risk and measures of mental ability. These findings indicate that alleles for autism overlap broadly with alleles for high intelligence, which appears para…
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Education, intelligence and Alzheimer’s disease: evidence from a multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization study Open
Objectives To examine whether educational attainment and intelligence have causal effects on risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), independently of each other. Design Two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to est…
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Impact of early-onset persistent stunting on cognitive development at 5 years of age: Results from a multi-country cohort study Open
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227839.].
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Associations of Prenatal Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations with Child Behaviors and Cognitive Abilities Open
Prenatal urinary BPA concentration was associated with some aspects of child behavior in this cohort, and some associations were stronger among boys. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP984.
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Gender Differences in Connectome-based Predictions of Individualized Intelligence Quotient and Sub-domain Scores Open
Scores on intelligence tests are strongly predictive of various important life outcomes. However, the gender discrepancy on intelligence quotient (IQ) prediction using brain imaging variables has not been studied. To this aim, we predicted…
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The National Adult Reading Test: restandardisation against the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth edition Open
Since publication in 1982, the 50-item National Adult Reading Test (NART; Nelson, 1982; NART-R; Nelson & Willison, 1991) has remained a widely adopted method for estimating premorbid intelligence both for clinical and research purposes. Ho…
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Manganese in Drinking Water and Cognitive Abilities and Behavior at 10 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study Open
Elevated prenatal W-Mn exposure was positively associated with cognitive function in girls, whereas boys appeared to be unaffected. Early life W-Mn exposure appeared to adversely affect children's behavior. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP631.
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Longitudinal follow‐up of academic achievement in children with autism from age 2 to 18 Open
Objective This study examined early predictors of and changes in school‐age academic achievement and class placement in children referred for autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) at age 2. Method Of 111 ASD referrals, 74 were diagnosed with AS…
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The effect of early childhood stunting on children's cognitive achievements: Evidence from young lives Ethiopia. Open
BACKGROUND: There is little empirical evidence on the effect of childhood malnutrition on children's cognitive achievements in low income countries like Ethiopia. A longitudinal data is thus vital to understand the factors that influence c…
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Associations between adolescent cannabis use and neuropsychological decline: a longitudinal co‐twin control study Open
Aims This study tested whether adolescents who used cannabis or met criteria for cannabis dependence showed neuropsychological impairment prior to cannabis initiation and neuropsychological decline from before to after cannabis initiation.…