European commission ≈ European commission
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Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0—Inception, conception and perception Open
Industry 4.0, an initiative from Germany, has become a globally adopted term in the past decade. Many countries have introduced similar strategic initiatives, and a considerable research effort has been spent on developing and implementing…
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The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2017 Open
This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2017 in 37 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and nin…
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The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2016 Open
This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2016 in 37 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and…
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Zebrafish: Housing and husbandry recommendations Open
This article provides recommendations for the care of laboratory zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as part of the further implementation of Annex A to the European Convention on the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other s…
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Copernicus Sentinel-2A Calibration and Products Validation Status Open
As part of the Copernicus programme of the European Commission (EC), the European Space Agency (ESA) has developed and is currently operating the Sentinel-2 mission that is acquiring high spatial resolution optical imagery. This article pr…
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Demystifying the Draft EU Artificial Intelligence Act — Analysing the good, the bad, and the unclear elements of the proposed approach Open
AI standardization promises to support the implementation of EU legislation and promote the rapid transfer,transparency, and interoperability of this massively disruptive technology. However, apart from well-known practical difficulties st…
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Guidance for the identification of endocrine disruptors in the context of Regulations (EU) No 528/2012 and (EC) No 1107/2009 Open
This Guidance describes how to perform hazard identification for endocrine-disrupting properties by following the scientific criteria which are outlined in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/2100 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/…
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MEMOTE for standardized genome-scale metabolic model testing Open
Reconstructing metabolic reaction networks enables the development of testable hypotheses of an organism’s metabolism under different conditions. State-of-the-art genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can include thousands of metabolites an…
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Revised guidance on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees) Open
The European Commission asked EFSA to revise the risk assessment for honey bees, bumble bees and solitary bees. This guidance document describes how to perform risk assessment for bees from plant protection products, in accordance with Reg…
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Scientific Guidance for the submission of dossiers on Food Enzymes Open
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA developed an updated scientific guidance to assist applicants in the preparation of applications for food enzymes. This guidance describes the scientific data to be included in applica…
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Re‐evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs Open
In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re-evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuf…
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Introduction: the European Union beyond the polycrisis? Integration and politicization in an age of shifting cleavages Open
Over the past decade, the EU has faced multiple crises. In the introduction to this collection, we argue that this ‘polycrisis’ is fracturing the European political system across multiple, simultaneous rifts, thereby creating a ‘polycleava…
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New Paradigms to Help Solve the Global Aquaculture Disease Crisis Open
Published online
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Update of the risk assessment of di‐butylphthalate (DBP), butyl‐benzyl‐phthalate (BBP), bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di‐isononylphthalate (DINP) and di‐isodecylphthalate (DIDP) for use in food contact materials Open
The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) was asked by the European Commission to update its 2005 risk assessments of di-butylphthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate…
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Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network Open
Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global M…
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A Review of Bioplastics and Their Adoption in the Circular Economy Open
The European Union is working towards the 2050 net-zero emissions goal and tackling the ever-growing environmental and sustainability crisis by implementing the European Green Deal. The shift towards a more sustainable society is intertwin…
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Safety of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 Open
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulati…
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Guidance on the preparation and presentation of an application for authorisation of a novel food in the context of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 Open
Following the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council on novel foods, the European Commission requested EFSA to update and develop scientific and technical guidance for the preparation and presen…
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Open Science, Open Data, and Open Scholarship: European Policies to Make Science Fit for the Twenty-First Century Open
Open science will make science more efficient, reliable and responsive to societal challenges. The European Commission has sought to advance Open Science policy from its inception in a holistic and integrated way, covering all aspects of t…
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Reinterpreting the rules ‘by stealth’ in times of crisis: a discursive institutionalist analysis of the European Central Bank and the European Commission Open
This article examines the ways in which EU actors have engaged in incremental changes to the eurozone rules ‘by stealth’ ‒ that is, by reinterpreting the rules and recalibrating the numbers without admitting it in their public discourse. U…
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How photovoltaics can contribute to GHG emission reductions of 55% in the EU by 2030 Open
The new European Commission plans to raise the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions target for 2030 from 40% towards 55% and to make Europe the first climate neutral continent by 2050. Achieving this will require accelerated energy efficiency me…
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Assessment of the Added-Value of Sentinel-2 for Detecting Built-up Areas Open
Monitoring of the human-induced changes and the availability of reliable and methodologically consistent urban area maps are essential to support sustainable urban development on a global scale. The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) is …
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Guidance on the risk assessment of substances present in food intended for infants below 16 weeks of age Open
Following a request from the European Commission to EFSA, the EFSA Scientific Committee (SC) prepared a guidance for the risk assessment of substances present in food intended for infants below 16 weeks of age. In its approach to develop t…
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The 2017 European Union report on pesticide residues in food Open
The latest in this series of annual reports describes in detail the official control activities carried out for pesticide residues by EU Member States, Iceland and Norway in 2017. Under Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, Member Sta…
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Toward an Operational Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Monitoring and Verification Support Capacity Open
Under the Paris Agreement (PA), progress of emission reduction efforts is tracked on the basis of regular updates to national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, referred to as bottom-up estimates. However, only top-down atmospheric measurem…
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Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems [Scanning the Issue] Open
The so-called fourth industrial revolution and its economic and societal implications are no longer solely an academic concern, but a matter for political as well as public debate. Characterized as the convergence of robotics, AI, autonomo…
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The role of photovoltaics for the European Green Deal and the recovery plan Open
The European Green Deal was published at the end of 2019 and represents EU's biggest action to reach climate neutrality. The European Recovery Fund was presented in July 2020 as a response to the COVID-19 crisis. This study looks at the ro…
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Dietary reference values for sodium Open
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) derived dietary reference values (DRVs) for sodium. Evidence from balance studies on sodium and on the relationship between…
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Voluntary disclosure of Sustainable Development Goals in mandatory non‐financial reports: The moderating role of cultural dimension Open
The Directive 2014/95/EU represents one of the main innovations introduced by the European Commission to encourage large companies to disclose their contribution to sustainable development. Since its introduction, the Directive 2014/95/EU …
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A new global burned area product for climate assessment of fire impacts Open
Aim This paper presents a new global burned area (BA) product developed within the framework of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (CCI) programme, along with a first assessment of its potentials for atmospheric and carb…