Conditional logistic regression
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T-cell activation is an immune correlate of risk in BCG vaccinated infants Open
Vaccines to protect against tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. We performed a case–control analysis to identify immune correlates of TB disease risk in Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) immunized infants from the MVA85A efficacy trial. Amo…
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Influenza‐like illness as a trigger for ischemic stroke Open
Objective We hypothesized that ILI is associated with risk of incident stroke, and that the risk would be highest closest in time to the event. Methods This case‐crossover analysis utilized data obtained from the California State Inpatient…
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Air Pollution and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Nested Case–Control Study among Members of a Northern California Health Plan Open
Smith GS, Van Den Eeden SK, Garcia C, Shan J, Baxter R, Herring AH, Richardson DB, Van Rie A, Emch M, Gammon MD. 2016. Air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis: a nested case-control study among members of a Northern California health plan…
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Associations between Source-Specific Particulate Matter and Respiratory Infections in New York State Adults Open
The response of respiratory infections to source-specific particulate matter (PM) is an area of active research. Using source-specific PM2.5 concentrations at six urban sites in New York State, a case-crossover design, and conditional logi…
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Association between Dry Eye Disease, Air Pollution and Weather Changes in Taiwan Open
Dry eye disease (DED) has become a common eye disease in recent years and appears to be influenced by environmental factors. This study aimed to examine the association between the first occurrence of DED, air pollution and weather changes…
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Inpatient and Outpatient Infection as a Trigger of Cardiovascular Disease: The ARIC Study Open
Background Acute infections are known cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) triggers, but little is known regarding how CVD risk varies following inpatient versus outpatient infections. We hypothesized that in‐ and outpatient infections are assoc…
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Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide case-crossover study in Japan Open
None.
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Comparative transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and the impact of vaccination: national cohort study, England Open
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) rapidly replaced Delta (B.1.617.2) to become dominant in England. Our study assessed differences in transmission between Omicron and Delta using t…
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A case–control study to assess the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy on newborns, Valencian community, Spain, 1 March 2015 to 29 February 2016 Open
In the Valencian Community (Spain), the programme of maternal pertussis vaccination during pregnancy started in January 2015. The objective of this study was to estimate in this region the vaccine effectiveness (VE) in protecting newborns …
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How Many Doses Make a Difference? An Analysis of Secondary Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Open
Background Acute rheumatic fever ( ARF ) and rheumatic heart disease cause substantial burdens worldwide. Long‐term antibiotic secondary prophylaxis is used to prevent disease progression, but evidence for benefits of different adherence l…
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The impact of a cash transfer programme on tuberculosis treatment success rate: a quasi-experimental study in Brazil Open
Background Evidence suggests that social protection policies such as Brazil’s Bolsa Família Programme (BFP), a governmental conditional cash transfer, may play a role in tuberculosis (TB) elimination. However, study limitations hamper conc…
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Contacts with primary and secondary healthcare prior to suicide: case–control whole-population-based study using person-level linked routine data in Wales, UK, 2000–2017 Open
Background Longitudinal studies of patterns of healthcare contacts in those who die by suicide to identify those at risk are scarce. Aims To examine type and timing of healthcare contacts in those who die by suicide. Method A population-ba…
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Alcohol Intake as a Risk Factor for Acute Stroke Open
High and moderate intake were associated with increased odds of stroke, whereas low intake was not associated with stroke. However, there were important regional variations, which may relate to differences in population characteristics of …
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Waning protection of influenza vaccination during four influenza seasons, 2011/2012 to 2014/2015 Open
Waning of vaccine protection was observed among individuals aged 65years old or over in two A(H3N2)-dominant influenza seasons.
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Determinants of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in rural areas of Legambo District, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: A matched case–control study Open
The occurrence of ARI could be reduced by improving economic status, stove use, and nutrition of children, and by increasing community awareness regarding indoor air pollution and ventilation.
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Risk of Suicide After Dementia Diagnosis Open
Importance Patients with dementia may be at an increased suicide risk. Identifying groups at greatest risk of suicide would support targeted risk reduction efforts by clinical dementia services. Objectives To examine the association betwee…
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Headache during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection as an early symptom associated with a more benign course of disease: a case–control study Open
Background and purpose Headache is an important manifestation during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this study, the aim was to identify factors associated with headache in COVID‐19 and headache characteristics. Methods This case–control study in…
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Risk Factors and Multidimensional Assessment of Long Coronavirus Disease Fatigue: A Nested Case-Control Study Open
Background Fatigue is the most prevalent and debilitating long-COVID (coronavirus disease) symptom; however, risk factors and pathophysiology of this condition remain unknown. We assessed risk factors for long-COVID fatigue and explored it…
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Acute Respiratory Infection and Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Case-Crossover Study Open
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use during ARI episodes, especially parenteral NSAIDs, was associated with a further increased risk of AMI.
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Effectiveness of insecticide-treated bednets in malaria prevention in Haiti: a case-control study Open
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and the US-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
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Association between oesophageal cancer and biomass smoke exposure: a case-control study Open
Most African populations are regularly exposed to biomass smoke, but knowledge of associated health implications is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between oesophageal cancer (OC) and exposure to biomass smoke. Thi…
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Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day, Smoking Index, and Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture: A Case–Control Study Open
A dose-response relationship has been noted for intensity and duration of smoking consumption and increased risk of IAR. As smoking is modifiable, this finding is important to managing patients with IAs to quit or reduce smoking prior to l…
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Cervical cancer case–control audit: Results from routine evaluation of a nationwide cervical screening program Open
Our study used a refined case–control cervical cancer Audit framework to investigate effectiveness of cervical screening, with measures of three screening failures: irregular‐participation, cervical cancer developed after cytological abnor…
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Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine (Covaxin) against breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in India Open
India approved COVID-19 vaccine called Covaxin, developed by the Indian Council of Medical Research and Bharat Biotech Ltd. The primary objective of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of Covaxin in preventing breakthrough SARS-CoV…
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Fatal opioid overdoses during and shortly after hospital admissions in England: A case-crossover study Open
Background Hospital patients who use illicit opioids such as heroin may use drugs during an admission or leave the hospital in order to use drugs. There have been reports of patients found dead from drug poisoning on the hospital premises …
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Factors associated with neonatal near-miss in selected hospitals of Gamo and Gofa zones, southern Ethiopia: nested case-control study Open
Background To scale up a comprehensive way of implementation to reduce neonatal mortality evaluation of factors for neonatal near-miss cases is very important. Certain studies were done in assessing near-miss cases, but they failed in iden…
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Association between the First Occurrence of Asthma and Residential Greenness in Children and Teenagers in Taiwan Open
Green spaces have benefits but may also increase the risk of allergic disease. This study examined the association between the first occurrence of asthma and greenness exposure in children and teenagers. We conducted a 1:1 matched case-con…
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Short communication: Pre- and postmilking anatomical characteristics of teats and their associations with risk of clinical mastitis in dairy cows Open
The primary objective of this study was to describe and compare anatomical characteristics of teats before and after machine milking adjusted for parity and teat location (front versus rear). The second objective was to determine if select…
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Sample size evaluation for a multiply matched case‐control study using the score test from a conditional logistic (discrete Cox PH) regression model Open
The conditional logistic regression model (Biometrics 1982; 38:661-672) provides a convenient method for the assessment of qualitative or quantitative covariate effects on risk in a study with matched sets, each containing a possibly diffe…
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Occupational exposure to asbestos and risk of cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based case–control study in four Nordic countries Open
Objectives To assess the association between occupational exposure to asbestos and the risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Methods We conducted a case–control study nested in the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) cohort. We studied 1458 intr…