Meristem
View article: Mechanisms of ROS Regulation of Plant Development and Stress Responses
Mechanisms of ROS Regulation of Plant Development and Stress Responses Open
Plants are subjected to various environmental stresses throughout their life cycle. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in maintaining normal plant growth, and improving their tolerance to stress. This review describes the p…
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Genetic Regulation of Shoot Architecture Open
Shoot architecture is determined by the organization and activities of apical, axillary, intercalary, secondary, and inflorescence meristems and by the subsequent development of stems, leaves, shoot branches, and inflorescences. In this re…
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Developmental Functions of miR156-Regulated SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana Open
Correct developmental timing is essential for plant fitness and reproductive success. Two important transitions in shoot development-the juvenile-to-adult vegetative transition and the vegetative-to-reproductive transition-are mediated by …
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Resolves Molecular Relationships Among Individual Plant Cells Open
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been used extensively to study cell-specific gene expression in animals, but it has not been widely applied to plants. Here, we describe the use of a commercially available droplet-based microflui…
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Lateral root formation and the multiple roles of auxin Open
Root systems can display variable architectures that contribute to survival strategies of plants. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a tap root system, in which the primary root and lateral roots (LRs) are major architectural d…
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Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire‐prone ecosystems Open
Summary Despite long‐time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud‐bearing str…
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A Two-Step Model for de Novo Activation of <i>WUSCHEL</i> during Plant Shoot Regeneration Open
Plant cells are totipotent and competent to regenerate from differentiated organs. It has been known for six decades that cytokinin-rich medium induces shoot regeneration from callus cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remai…
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Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in <i>Arabidopsis</i> root and shoot apexes Open
Significance The modulation of growth and development is central to sessile plants. Shoot and root meristems share almost identical molecular machineries but are responsible for different types of aboveground and underground organogenesis.…
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Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs Specify the Shoot Stem Cell Niche by Dual Regulation of <i>WUSCHEL</i> Open
Plants are known for their capacity to regenerate the whole body through de novo formation of apical meristems from a mass of proliferating cells named callus. Exogenous cytokinin and auxin determine cell fate for the establishment of the …
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Plant salt tolerance and Na+ sensing and transport Open
Salinity is a global challenge to agricultural production. Understanding Na+ sensing and transport in plants under salt stress will be of benefit for breeding robustly salt-tolerant crop species. In this review, first, possible salt stress…
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Abscisic acid regulates root growth under osmotic stress conditions via an interacting hormonal network with cytokinin, ethylene and auxin Open
Summary Understanding the mechanisms regulating root development under drought conditions is an important question for plant biology and world agriculture. We examine the effect of osmotic stress on abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin and ethyl…
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The QTL GNP1 Encodes GA20ox1, Which Increases Grain Number and Yield by Increasing Cytokinin Activity in Rice Panicle Meristems Open
Cytokinins and gibberellins (GAs) play antagonistic roles in regulating reproductive meristem activity. Cytokinins have positive effects on meristem activity and maintenance. During inflorescence meristem development, cytokinin biosynthesi…
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A virus-targeted plant receptor-like kinase promotes cell-to-cell spread of RNAi Open
Significance In plants, RNA interference (RNAi) is the main antiviral defense mechanism. RNAi moves cell-to-cell through cytoplasmic channels called plasmodesmata, spreading ahead of the viral infection to immunize tissues before arrival o…
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Auxin minimum triggers the developmental switch from cell division to cell differentiation in the <i>Arabidopsis</i> root Open
Significance The maintenance of boundaries between neighboring groups of distinct cell types is vital during development of multicellular organisms, as groups of cells with distinct functions must be kept physically separated to guarantee …
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Far-Red Light Detection in the Shoot Regulates Lateral Root Development through the HY5 Transcription Factor Open
Plants in dense vegetation compete for resources and detect competitors through reflection of far-red (FR) light from surrounding plants. This reflection causes a reduced red (R):FR ratio, which is sensed through phytochromes. Low R:FR ind…
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A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis Open
Somatic embryogenesis is a form of induced plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from somatic or vegetative cells in the absence of fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to stress or growt…
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Plant stem-cell organization and differentiation at single-cell resolution Open
Significance Plants possess the remarkable ability to grow and produce new organs throughout their lifespan, owing to the activities of persistent populations of pluripotent stem cells within their meristematic tips. Here we isolated indiv…
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The diverse roles of cytokinins in regulating leaf development Open
Leaves provide energy for plants, and consequently for animals, through photosynthesis. Despite their important functions, plant leaf developmental processes and their underlying mechanisms have not been well characterized. Here, we provid…
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Overexpression of the <i>OsERF71</i> Transcription Factor Alters Rice Root Structure and Drought Resistance Open
Plant responses to drought stress require the regulation of transcriptional networks via drought-responsive transcription factors, which mediate a range of morphological and physiological changes. AP2/ERF transcription factors are known to…
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Brassinosteroids regulate root growth by controlling reactive oxygen species homeostasis and dual effect on ethylene synthesis in Arabidopsis Open
The brassinosteroids (BRs) represent a class of phytohormones, which regulate numerous aspects of growth and development. Here, a det2-9 mutant defective in BR synthesis was identified from an EMS mutant screening for defects in root lengt…
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The Plant DNA Damage Response: Signaling Pathways Leading to Growth Inhibition and Putative Role in Response to Stress Conditions Open
Maintenance of genome integrity is a key issue for all living organisms. Cells are constantly exposed to DNA damage due to replication or transcription, cellular metabolic activities leading to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (RO…
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ABA-dependent control of<i>GIGANTEA</i>signalling enables drought escape via up-regulation of<i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i>in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Open
One strategy deployed by plants to endure water scarcity is to accelerate the transition to flowering adaptively via the drought escape (DE) response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, activation of the DE response requires the photoperiodic respon…
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Integration of light and metabolic signals for stem cell activation at the shoot apical meristem Open
A major feature of embryogenesis is the specification of stem cell systems, but in contrast to the situation in most animals, plant stem cells remain quiescent until the postembryonic phase of development. Here, we dissect how light and me…
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Cyclic programmed cell death stimulates hormone signaling and root development in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Open
Cell death establishes a site for development As plant roots grow through the soil, lateral roots emerge to reach more resources. Xuan et al. now show that programmed cell death sets the course for lateral root development. Cells in a spec…
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Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development Open
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an im-portant role in growth and development under non-stres…
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Identification of three LRR-RKs involved in perception of root meristem growth factor in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Open
Significance There is a growing awareness that receptor kinases (RKs) regulate various aspects of plant development in response to perception of specific ligands, but the highly redundant nature of this family's members often makes it diff…
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Cytokinin Signaling Activates <i>WUSCHEL</i> Expression during Axillary Meristem Initiation Open
The homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) defines the shoot stem cell niche, but the mechanisms underlying the establishment of WUS expression remain unclear. Here, we show that cytokinin signaling precedes WUS expression in leaf …
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Salicylic Acid Affects Root Meristem Patterning via Auxin Distribution in a Concentration-Dependent Manner Open
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is well known for its induction of pathogenesis-related proteins and systemic acquired resistance; SA also has specific effects on plant growth and development. Here we analyzed the effect of SA on Arab…
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Salt stress response triggers activation of the jasmonate signaling pathway leading to inhibition of cell elongation in Arabidopsis primary root Open
Salinity is a severe abiotic stress that affects irrigated croplands. Jasmonate (JA) is an essential hormone involved in plant defense against herbivory and in responses to abiotic stress. However, the relationship between the salt stress …
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microRNAs and Their Roles in Plant Development Open
Small RNAs are short non-coding RNAs with a length ranging between 20 and 24 nucleotides. Of these, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a distinct role in plant development. miRNAs control target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, eith…