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Mutually beneficial pollinator diversity and crop yield outcomes in small and large farms Open
More-diverse pollinators improve crop yields It is known that increased pollinator diversity can improve the yield of agricultural crops. However, how best to both produce food and maintain diversity is still debated. Garibaldi et al. show…
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What are the limits to oil palm expansion? Open
Palm oil production has boomed over the last decade, resulting in an expansion of the global oil palm planting area from 10 to 17 Million hectares between 2000 and 2012. Previous studies showed that a significant share of this expansion ha…
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The extent of forest in dryland biomes Open
Mapping the world's dry forests The extent of forest area in dryland habitats, which occupy more than 40% of Earth's land surface, is uncertain compared with that in other biomes. Bastin et al. provide a global estimate of forest extent in…
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Subnational distribution of average farm size and smallholder contributions to global food production Open
Smallholder farming is the most prevalent form of agriculture in the world, supports many of the planet’s most vulnerable populations, and coexists with some of its most diverse and threatened landscapes. However, there is little informati…
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Which farms feed the world and has farmland become more concentrated? Open
Numerous attempts have been made to estimate the share of the world's food produced by family farms and by farms of different sizes. This paper updates estimates of the number of farms worldwide, their distribution and that of farmland, us…
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Cost of agricultural productivity loss due to soil erosion in the European Union: From direct cost evaluation approaches to the use of macroeconomic models Open
Much research has been carried out on modelling soil erosion rates under different climatic and land use conditions. Although some studies have addressed the issue of reduced crop productivity due to soil erosion, few have focused on the e…
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Economic importance of chickpea: Production, value, and world trade Open
Chickpea is a valued crop and provides nutritious food for an expanding world population and will become increasingly important with climate change. The nutritional value of chickpea in terms of nutrition and body health has been recently …
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The World of Organic Agriculture 2022: Statistics and Emerging Trends Open
Organic agriculture is practised in 190 countries, and almost 75 million hectares of agricultural land were managed organically by at least 3.4 million farmers. The global sales of organic food and drink reached more than 120 billion euros…
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Major limitations to achieving “4 per 1000” increases in soil organic carbon stock in temperate regions: Evidence from long‐term experiments at Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom Open
We evaluated the “4 per 1000” initiative for increasing soil organic carbon ( SOC ) by analysing rates of SOC increase in treatments in 16 long‐term experiments in southeast United Kingdom. The initiative sets a goal for SOC stock to incre…
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Africa's changing farm size distribution patterns: the rise of medium‐scale farms Open
This study assesses changes over the past decade in the farm size distributions of Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia, drawing on two or more waves of nationally representative population‐based and/or area‐based surveys. Analysis indicates…
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Shifting patterns of oil palm driven deforestation in Indonesia and implications for zero-deforestation commitments Open
Oil palm plantations in Indonesia have been linked to substantial deforestation in the 1990s and 2000s, though recent studies suggest that new plantations are increasingly developed on non-forest land. Without nationwide data to establish …
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Global Patterns of Crop Production Losses Associated with Droughts from 1983 to 2009 Open
Droughts represent an important type of climate extreme that reduces crop production and food security. Although this fact is well known, the global geographic pattern of drought-driven reductions in crop production is poorly characterized…
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Comparative terrestrial feed and land use of an aquaculture-dominant world Open
Significance Studies are revealing the potential benefits of shifting human diets away from meat and toward other protein sources, including seafood. The majority of seafood is now, and for the foreseeable future, farmed (i.e., aquaculture…
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Oil Palm Adoption, Household Welfare, and Nutrition Among Smallholder Farmers in Indonesia Open
Oil palm is one of the most rapidly expanding crops throughout the humid tropics. In Indonesia, the expansion is largely driven by smallholder farmers. While recent research has studied effects for the environment and climate change, socio…
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Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms Open
Significance Wheat is the most important food crop worldwide, grown across millions of hectares. Wheat yields in the field are usually low and vary with weather, soil, and crop management practices. We show that yields for wheat grown in i…
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History and Current Status of Sugarcane Breeding, Germplasm Development and Molecular Genetics in Brazil Open
Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane and one of the leading suppliers of sugar and ethanol worldwide. In the 2019–2020 crop season, the country produced 642.7 million tons of sugarcane in a harvest area of 8.44 million hecta…
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High nitrous oxide fluxes from rice indicate the need to manage water for both long- and short-term climate impacts Open
Significance Methane from global rice cultivation currently accounts for one-half of all crop-related greenhouse gas emissions. Several international organizations are advocating reductions in methane emissions from rice by promoting inter…
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Factors associated with profitability in pasture-based systems of milk production Open
The global dairy industry needs to reappraise the systems of milk production that are operated at farm level with specific focus on enhancing technical efficiency and competitiveness of the sector. The objective of this study was to quanti…
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Genetic Gains in Wheat Breeding and Its Role in Feeding the World Open
Wheat is the leading global food crop providing 19% of the daily calories and 21% of protein requirements for humans. The wheat production has increased from 220 million tons in 1961 to 750 million tons in 2018 with total production area o…
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Wheat production and breeding in Sub-Saharan Africa Open
Purpose This paper aims to review the current status of wheat production, farming systems, production constraints and wheat demand-supply chain analysis; the role of international and national breeding programs and their approaches in whea…
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The relationship between carbon dioxide and agriculture in Ghana: a comparison of VECM and ARDL model Open
In this paper, the relationship between carbon dioxide and agriculture in Ghana was investigated by comparing a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. Ten study variables spanning from 1961 to…
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Dynamic Impacts of Economic Growth and Forested Area on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Malaysia Open
This study measures the relationship and dynamic impacts of economic growth and forested area on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Malaysia. Time series data over the period of 1990 to 2016 were used by employing the dynamic ordinary least…
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How feasible are global forest restoration commitments? Open
Numerous countries have made voluntary commitments to conduct forest landscape restoration over millions of hectares of degraded land in the coming decade. We consider the relative likelihood these countries will achieve their restoration …
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Feeding 11 billion on 0.5 billion hectare of area under cereal crops Open
Despite impressive increase in global grain production since 1960s, there are 795 million food‐insecure and ~2 billion people prone to malnutrition. Further, global population of 7.4 billion in 2016 is projected to increase to 9.7 billion …
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Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment Open
The peanut (Arachys hypogaea) is a plant of the Fabaceae family (legumes), as are chickpeas, lentils, beans, and peas. It is originally from South America and is used mainly for culinary purposes, in confectionery products, or as a nut as …
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Revisiting the Farm Size‐Productivity Relationship Based on a Relatively Wide Range of Farm Sizes: Evidence from Kenya Open
This paper revisits the inverse farm size‐productivity relationship in Kenya. The study makes two contributions. First, the relationship is examined over a much wider range of farm sizes than most studies, which is particularly relevant in…
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Dramatic Loss of Agricultural Land Due to Urban Expansion Threatens Food Security in the Nile Delta, Egypt Open
Egypt has one of the largest and fastest growing populations in the world. However, nearly 96% of the total land area is uninhabited desert and 96% of the population is concentrated around the River Nile valley and the Delta. This unbalanc…
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Challenges to the Reforestation Pipeline in the United States Open
Large-scale global reforestation goals have been proposed to help mitigate climate change and provide other ecosystem services. To explore reforestation potential in the United States, we used GIS analyses, surveys of nursery managers and …
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Forest and landscape restoration severely constrained by a lack of attention to the quantity and quality of tree seed: Insights from a global survey Open
Meeting the multimillion hectare commitments for forest and landscape restoration (FLR) will require billions of tree seed and seedlings. However, the adequacy of seed supply in terms of quantity, genetic diversity and quality has received…
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PESTICIDES AND INDIAN AGRICULTURE- A REVIEW Open
Globally more than half of the pesticides are utilized in Asia. India stands 12th in pesticide use globally and 3rd in Asia after China and Turkey. In present study, the data of different types of pesticides, pesticide use pattern and deta…